Turbo-Discharging Overview A Joint Development Between AltEnergis Plc & Loughborough University

Introduction Turbo-Discharging Using turbine recovered exhaust gas energy to depressurise the exhaust system. Directly contributes to improved engine efficiency and enables further efficiency benefits. Added Value: Widespread applicability Complementary technology Retrofittable Cost effective Improved turbocharger transient response Higher torque Improved knock margin Further downsizing Reduced EGR Improved fuel economy

Turbo-Discharging Experimentally demonstrated and studied only at Loughborough University 4-stroke gasoline NA automotive engine Aftermarket turbocharger used as turbo-discharger Fixed geometry and timing of cams Demonstrated significant torque and fuel economy benefit (more than 7% and ~5% respectively) 4 stroke architecture: Widely applicable: Applicable to naturally aspirated or turbocharged engines Thermodynamic concept can be applied to 2 or 4 stroke engines Ideally suited to gas powered CHP and gasoline fuelled engines Better suited to large diesel engines than small* (*Due diligence by Mott MacDonald) Heat exchanger sized for key design points e.g. low-mid load Split manifold isolates blowdown pulse

Summary and Outlook 2007: Invention 2010: Feasibility Study Unique Fundamental thermodynamic advantage Best suited to low/no boost conditions Best suited to low AFR conditions Applicable across a range of architectures 2010: Feasibility Study Experimental proof-of-concept >7% torque increase ~5% (max) efficiency benefit Extended knock margin Benefits on both NA and TC engines Complementary to charging and compounding, particularly for ‘off-design’ points 2013: Demonstrator Programme Stationary power Turbocharged Gas fuelled Gregory Day gregory@altenergis.com