Lecture 25 1st Review Dr. Ghalib A. Shah Wireless Networks Lecture 25 1st Review Dr. Ghalib A. Shah

Last Lecture Cdma2000 introduction New MAC and Physical layer features Physical layer of cdma2000 Reverse Physical channels New Network elements in cdma2000 Packet Control Function (PCF) Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN) Mobility Management Handoff Intera-PCF Inter-PCF/Intra-PDSN Inter-PDSN

Lecture 1 - Introduction Part I The Wireless vision Radio Waves Channel Capacity Signal-to-Noise Ratio EM Spectrum

Lecture 1 - Introduction Part II Wireless Transmission Baseband signal, carrier frequency, fundamental frequency antenna size must correspond to signal’s wavelength 1 MHz signal  few 100 m-s high antenna; 1 GHz signal  few cm-s high antenna Encoding/Modulation Noises Thermal, Intermodulation, Crosstalk, Impulse Losses/Gain Dear Students, Today we will continue to introduce the basics of wireless communication.

Lecture 3 – Introduction Part III Multiplexing Transmission Mediums Guided, Unguided Propagation modes Ground wave, Sky wave, LOS Multi-path propagation Reflection, Diffraction, Scattering Fading Dear Students, Today we will continue to introduce the basics of wireless communication.

Lecture 4 – Error part I Transmission Errors Parity Check Cyclic Redundancy Check Block Error Code

Lecture 5 – Error part II Block Codes ARQ Hamming BCH (Generalization of Hamming) Reed Solmon (Subclass of non-binary BCH) ARQ Sliding window Go-back-N

Lecture 6 – Multiple Access (Part I) FDMA TDMA CDMA Random Access ALOHA Slotted ALOHA Reservation-based ALOHA

Lecture 7 – Multiple Access (Part II) CSMA Versions of CSMA CSMA/CA Spread Spectrum Frequency Hoping Direct Sequence

Lecture 8 – Evolution Part I 1G wireless cellular networks NMT AMPS TACS 2G cellular systems GSM IS-136 PDC IS-95

Lecture 9 – Evolution Part II 2.5G HSCSD GPRS EDGE IS-95B 3G UMTS/W-CDMA CDMA2000

Specifications of 2.5G and 3G standards Technology Channel BW Duplex Infrastructure Changes New Spectrum New handsets HSCSD 200 KHz FDD Software upgrade at BS No Yes, New headsets provide 57.6 kbps on HSCSD and 9.6 kbps on GSM GPRS New packet overlay at routers and gateways Yes, new GPRS sets work at 171.2 kbps, 9.6 kbps on GSM, dual-mode. EDGE New TX/Rx at BS, software upgrade at BS, controller Yes, new set work at 384 kbps on EDGE, GPRS at 144 kbps and GSM at 9.6 kbps, tri-mode W-CDMA 5 MHz Completely new BS Yes Yes, new handsets work at 2 Mbps in WCDMA and rest as above IS-95B 1.25 MHz New software at BS Yes, IS-95B at 64kbps, IS- 95A at 14.4 kbps and IS-95 at 9.6 kbps Cdma2000 1xRTT New software at backbone, new channel cards at BS, new packet service node 1xRTT at 144 kbps and rest as above. Older sets will work. 1xEV(DO/DV) New software and cards upgrade to 1xRTT 1xEV at 2.4 Mbps and as above 3xRTT 3.75 MHz Backbone modifications and channel cards at BS May be 3xRTT at 2 Mbps and rest

Lecture 10 Evolution III Limitation of 3G 4G Objectives Issues QoS Security Multimedia Service Applications Convergence of Cellular and WLAN Billing Issue

Quality of Service (QoS) Traffic generated by the different services will not only increase traffic loads on the networks, but will also require different quality of service (QoS) requirements (e.g., cell loss rate, delay, and jitter) for different streams (e.g., video, voice, data). Providing QoS guarantees in 4G networks is a non-trivial issue where both QoS signaling across different networks and service differentiation between mobile flows will have to be addressed.

Security Security in wireless networks mainly involves authentication, confidentiality, integrity, and authorization for the access of network connectivity and QoS resources for the mobile nodes flow. The heterogeneity of wireless networks complicates the security issue. Dynamic reconfigurable, adaptive, and lightweight security mechanisms should be developed. AAA (Authentication Authorization Auditing) protocols provide a framework for such suffered especially for control plane functions and installing security policies in the mobile node such as encryption, decryption and filtering.

Lecture 11 – Cell Conept part I Cellular Concept Frequency Reuse Locating co-channel cells

Lecture 12 – Cell Concept Part II Channel Assignment Strategies Handoff Strategies When to handoff 1G, BS based 2G or todays, Mobile-Assisted Prioritizing Handoff Guard channels concept Queuing handoff requests Practical handoff considerations Umbrella cell Cell dragging

Lecture 13 – Cell Concept Part III Interference and system capacity Co-channel interference and capacity Adjacent channel interference and capacity Channel Planning for Wireless System

Lacture 14 – Cell Concept Part IV Trunking and Grade of Service Measuring Traffic Intensity Trunked Systems Blocked Calls Cleared Blocked Calls Delayed Erlang Charts Improving Coverage and Capacity Cell Splitting Sectoring Repeaters for Range Extension Microcell Zone Concept

Lecture 15 - AMPS AMPS introduction System Overview Call handling Air interface Supervisory signals N-AMPS

Lecture 16 GSM GSM Introduction GSM System Architecture GSM Network Areas Specifications Subscriber Services Mobility

Lecture 17 – GPRS (part I) Introduction to GPRS GPRS Architecture Registration and Session Management Routing Scenario in GPRS Channels Classification

PDP Context Activation MS SGSN GGSN Activate PDP Context Request PDP type,PDP Address QoS Requested,Access Point,… Security Functions Create PDP Context Request PDP type,PDP Address QoS Negotiated,Access Point,… Create PDP Context Response Activate PDP Context Accept PDP type,QoS Negotiated,… PDP type,PDP Address QoS Negotiated,…

Lecture 18 – GPRS part II GPRS Protocol Architecture MS – BSS BSS – SGSN SGSN – GGSN GGSN – PDN GPRS Air Interface Data Routing and Mobility Uplink Data Transfer Downlink Data Transfer QoS in GPRS

Lecture 19 - IS-95 IS-136 CDMA/IS-95 Advantages Drawbacks Higher capacity, Improves voice quality (new coder), Less power consumption (6-7 mW) Privacy, graceful degradation Drawbacks Self-jamming, near-far problem, IS-95 Forward Channels Pilot Channel Sync Channel Paging Traffic IS-95 Reverse Channels

Lecture 20 - EDGE EDGE Introduction Modulation and Coding Schemes Link Adaptation and Incremental Redundancy Capacity Planning

Lecture 21 – UMTS / WCDMA part I Service Classes in UMTS Conversational, Streaming, Interactive, Background UTRAN Architecture RNC (Serving, Drifting) Radio Interface protocol Architecture Protocol Models for UTRAN Logical Channels

Protocol Model for UTRAN UTRAN protocol structure is based this model Trans. Of all user-specific data CS or PS through user plan For all signalling activities in the network, it includes RANAP, RNSAP, NBAP protocols

Lecture 22 - WCDMA Part II Spreading and Scrambling Channel Concept Logical Channel (RLC) ->Transport Channels (MAC)->Physical Channels (PL) Physical Layer Procedures RACH Operation (Preamble of 16 symbols and wait for ACK on AICH) Cell Searching (256 chip primary Synch, 15 SSCs Power Control Fast Closed loop (1500 Hz TPC, Closed Loop

Lecture 23 - WCDMA Part III Compressed mode measurements Handover measurements Intra-mode Inter-mode Inter-system WCDMA packet data access Transport channels for packet data Common, dedicated, shared Packet scheduling algorithms Time division scheduling Code division scheduling Transmission Power-based scheduling

Lecture 24 - CDMA2000 New MAC and Physical layer features Physical layer of cdma2000 Reverse Physical channels New Network elements in cdma2000 Packet Control Function (PCF) Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN) Mobility Management Handoff Intra-PCF Inter-PCF/Intra-PDSN Inter-PDSN