Unit 2 Plant Science Topic: Oil Crops OBJECTIVE 1: Name both edible and non-edible uses for soybeans.

A. Soybeans have a long history. 1. Soybeans first came to America as ship weight in 1804. 2. The first U.S. soybeans were grown in Pennsylvania as ornamental plants. 3. By 1898, the U.S. Department of Agriculture was encouraging farmers to grow soybeans for livestock feed. 4. In 1904, George Washington Carver began to discover new ways to use soybeans other than as livestock feed.

B. Knowledge of soybeans is important for production. 1 B. Knowledge of soybeans is important for production. 1. Soybeans are members of the legume family. 2. Soybean plants grow to about 3 feet high. 3. Each soybean plant has 20 to 30 pods with two or three seeds per pod. 4. Soybeans are ¼ inch in diameter and may be oval or round. 5. Seed color varies and may be beige, yellow, green, brown, black, or speckled.

A bushel of soybeans weighs about 60 pounds Soy production facts Approximately 70 million acres of soybeans are grown each year in our country. About 40 to 50 percent of all soybeans grown in the United States are exported. A bushel of soybeans weighs about 60 pounds 11 lbs oil, 48 lbs soy meal

Harvest In the Midwest, soybeans are harvested in September or October. A combine is used to harvest soybeans. Processing a. The hulls are removed. b. The soybeans are crushed and rolled, resulting in flakes with oil. c. Soaking then results in oil that is separate from the flakes with protein. d. Final products are soy flour, soy concentrate, and soy isolates.

C. There are many edible and non-edible uses for soybeans. Edible uses- include baby food and formula, medicines, candy, cereal, hot dogs, lunchmeat, noodles, soy milk, tofu, and soy sauce.

Other important non-edible uses of soy adhesives, cleaning materials, cosmetics, ink, paint, pet food, soap, shampoo, crayons, candles, livestock feed Other important non-edible uses of soy Biodiesel- an environmentally friendly alternative fuel made from soybean oil blended with diesel fuel Environ- a building material made from soy flour and recycled paper. Harder than wood & lighter than granite!

OBJECTIVE 3: Distinguish between the four main types of peanuts. A. From planting (April-May) to harvest, it takes four to five months to grow a peanut. 1. Plants grow about 18 inches tall. 2. Small yellow flowers appear on the peanut plant and pollinate themselves. 3. After a flower loses its petals, a peg (enlarged ovary of the peanut plant ) grows down into the ground where the actual peanut grows.

4. In 1 ton of in-shell peanuts, there are 500 pounds of peanut oil 800 pounds of peanut oil meal 700 pounds is mostly shell. Harvest A special harvester loosens the peanut plant Cuts the taproot Lifts the plant from the soil & shakes the excess soil from plant Lays the plant in a row to dry for 2 or more days before being combined.

B. There are four main types of peanuts. 1. Runner peanuts have kernels of a uniform size. a. Over half of all runner peanuts are used for peanut butter. b. Runner peanuts are grown in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. 2. Spanish peanuts have the smallest kernels. a. Spanish peanuts are used in peanut candies. b. They have a higher oil content than other types of peanuts. c. Spanish peanuts are grown in Oklahoma and Texas.

3. Valencia peanuts have three or more kernels per pod a. Valencia peanuts have the sweetest taste of all types of peanuts. b. They are mainly roasted and sold in their shell or boiled. c. Valencia peanuts are grown in New Mexico. 4. Virginia peanuts have the largest kernels. a. They are mainly roasted and sold in or out of the shell. b. Virginia peanuts are grown in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia.

C. Non-food uses for peanuts livestock feed, detergent, salves, bleach, shaving cream, linoleum, cosmetics, paint, medicines, cat litter, ink, and shampoo.

OBJECTIVE 4: Give examples of uses for canola and sunflowers. IV. Canola and sunflowers both have edible and non-edible human uses.

1. Canola is a member of the mustard family. 2 1. Canola is a member of the mustard family. 2. The canola plant was developed from the rapeseed plant in 1974 by researchers in Canada. 3. China is the world’s largest producer of canola, with the United States producing less than 2 percent of the world’s supply.

4. Minnesota and North Dakota produce most of the canola in the United States. 5. The canola plant grows 2 to 4 feet tall and the pods are narrow and 1 to 3 inches long. Each pod contains 15 to 40 small round seeds. 6. Canola can be harvested by direct combine or by being cut high on the stem, put in windrows, and then combined.

Canola has many uses. a. Rapeseed became popular in North America during World War II as a lubricant for marine engines. b. Until the 1940s, rapeseed was grown for lamp fuel, cooking oil, and as livestock forage. c. Edible uses for canola include cooking oil, salad oil, mayonnaise, and margarine. d. Non-edible uses for canola include cosmetics, pesticides, suntan oil, soap, paint, varnish, birdseed, and livestock feed.

Sunflowers 1. Sunflowers may grow up to 12 feet tall with roots 9 feet deep. 2. They usually have one stem with a large single flower or several smaller flowers. 3. There are both oil and non-oil types of sunflowers. 4. Sunflowers are usually planted in May.

Processing To get oil after the sunflower seeds are harvested the outer husks are removed the seeds are crushed and gently heated to get rid of excess water. Sunflowers have many uses Edible uses for sunflowers include snack food and cooking oil. Non-edible uses for sunflowers include soap, candles, birdseed, and ornamental plants.