The Endocrine System Lesson 1:

Lesson Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to … Describe the primary glands of the endocrine system. Explain the vital function of the endocrine system.

Lesson Objectives State the structure and primary functions of the endocrine glands. Identify and state the functions of the various hormones secreted by the endocrine glands.

Primary Function of the Endocrine System Produces and regulates hormones Chemical transmitter that regulates body functions: Growth Development Mood Tissue function Metabolism Sexual function

Endocrine System 6

Types of Glands Two types of glands exocrine glands endocrine glands

Exocrine glands secrete fluids to the surface sweat glands Tears Saliva

Endocrine glands secrete hormones that circulate within the body

Critical Thinking Question Would a malfunction of one gland impact other body systems in addition to impacting the endocrine system? 10

What are Hormones? Hormones – Hyposecretion – less than normal secretion Hypersecretion – more than normal secretion 11

Functions of Endocrine System Produces and regulates hormones Communicates with all body systems Reacts to stimuli Maintains and regulates homeostasis Produces, uses, and stores energy 12

Connection of Nervous and Endocrine Systems Nervous System: Works closely with the endocrine system Helps maintain homeostasis Hypothalamus, is the link 13

Pituitary Gland “Master Gland” Regulates all of the other glands

Critical Thinking Question? How does the body protect the pituitary gland from injury with physical activity? 15

Nervous and Endocrine Cooperation The hypothalamus helps govern the pituitary gland 16

Anterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland

Growth hormone Growth and development Enhanced protein synthesis Decreases glucose use Lypolysis 18

Thyroid-stimulating hormone Controls growth and development of the thyroid gland Stimulates production of thyroid hormones 19

Follicle-stimulating hormone Stimulates growth Ovarian follicles in females Sperm production in males 20

Anterior Lobe: Hormones and Function Prolactin Stimulates mammary glands to produce milk after childbirth 21

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone Controls skin pigmentation

How this system works http://skonline.org/courses/pe- health/BodyWorks/Unit7/a.htm Take notes on video 23

Posterior Lobe: Hormones and Functions Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) – vasopressin Reabsorption of water by the kidneys Less fluid is eliminated Elevates blood pressure Undersecretion – diabetes insipidus results 24

Posterior Lobe: Hormones and Functions Oxytocin Stimulates contractions during labor and childbirth Stimulates the mammary glands to release milk

Pineal Gland Hormones Melatonin Released at night Helps with sleep 26

Pineal Gland (cont) Serotonin Neurotransmitter Lack of serotonin can lead to depression

Thyroid Gland 28

Thyroid Gland Hormones Thyroxine (T4) metabolism 29

Parathyroid Glands 30

Parathyroid Gland Hormone and Function Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Maintenance serum calcium levels Metabolism of phosphorus 31

Pancreas Islets of Langerhans that secrete hormones 32

Pancreas and Islets of Langerhans 33

Cells of the Islets of Langerhans glucagon Helps break down glycogen to glucose Increases blood sugar Insulin (is a hormone) Lowers blood sugar 34

Adrenal Glands Located on top of the kidneys Triangular shaped Each has a cortex and the medulla 35

The Adrenal Cortex Manufactures 3 types of hormones Glucocorticoids Cortisol Corticosterone Mineralocorticoids Aldosterone Androgens 36

Adrenal Cortex: Hormones and Functions Cortisol Regulates the metabolism Increases blood sugar level Promotes transport of amino acids into extracellular tissue for energy stores 37

Adrenal Cortex: Hormones and Functions Aldosterone Essential for regulating electrolyte and water balance 38

Adrenal Cortex: Hormones and Functions Androgens Hormones that promote male secondary sex characteristics Testosterone Androsterone 39

Endocrine System Fill in blank worksheet

Remember the Parts

Hormones and Functions of the Adrenal Medulla Catecholamines Dopamine Epinephrine Norepinephrine 42

Primary Catecholamines Dopamine Vasoconstriction Elevates blood pressure Cardiac output is increased Urine production is increased 43

Primary Catecholamines Epinephrine “adrenaline” Fight or flight 44

Critical Thinking Question What happens to your adrenal glands when you are continuously stressed? 45

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Medical Specialists Endocrinologist