Brainstem Domina Petric, MD NOTE: To change the image on this slide, select the picture and delete it. Then click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image. Domina Petric, MD

Midbrain (mesencephalon)

Red nucleus (midbrain) Nucleus ruber Wikipedia.org

Substantia nigra http://www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com/blog/know-your-brain-substantia-nigra

Substantia nigra Two nuclei in one. There is a compact layer of cells on the dorsal margin of the substantia nigra: these are the dopamine neurons of the midbrain (pars compacta). Dopamine neurons project broady to the forebrain including the basal ganglia, parts of the prefrontal cortex of the frontal lobe and amygdala in the hippocampus. There is an inferior part of the substantia nigra: pars reticularis.

Oculomotor nucleus Trochlear nucleus Oculomotor nucleus and trochlear nucleus are both somatic motor nuclei. http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F29.jpg

Edinger-westphal nucleus is visceral motor nucleus. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cn3nucleus.png/340px-Cn3nucleus.png

Superior and inferior colliculi or little hills Superior colliculus recieves visual input. Inferior colliculus recieves auditory input. http://proprofs-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com/images

Periaqueductal gray matter Cerebral aqueduct Periaqueductal gray matter https://image.slidesharecdn.com/thebrainstem-ii-140107220203-phpapp01/95/the-brain-stem-ii-23-638.jpg?cb=1389132170

PONS II.

Pontine nuclei and pontocerebellar fibres https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/29/2c/51/292c515a350e3f0bcba3c14e0197846f.jpg

Pontocerebellar fibres give rise to the axons in the middle cerebellar peduncles https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/02-09-15-brainstem-and-cerebellum/deck/13704956 Middle cerebellar peduncles are the largest among cerebellar peduncles.

Cerebral ventricles: fourth ventricle is in the midbrain Lateral ventricles Cerebral ventricles: fourth ventricle is in the midbrain https://ryanakajoey.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/ventricles_of_the_brain1352510262050.gif Fourth ventricle

Superior cerebellar peduncles https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/02-09-15-brainstem-and-cerebellum/deck/13704956 Cerebellar peduncles leave the cerebellum and cross the midline in the pons: decussation.

Trigeminal motor nucleus is branchial motor nucleus. http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F29.jpg

Abducens nucleus is somatic motor nucleus. http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F29.jpg

Facial motor nucleus is branchial motor nucleus. Collection of motor neurons that innervate the muscles of the face that convey expression. http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F29.jpg

Superior salivatory nucleus (VII.) and inferior salivatory nucleus (IX.) are visceral motor nuclei.

MEDULLA oBLONGATA III.

Inferior cerebellar peduncles Wikipedia.org

Medullary pyramids: corticospinal tract Wikipedia.org

Inferior olivary nucleus Wikipedia.org

Gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus http://www.bioon.com/bioline/neurosci/course/bsen3.gif Medial lemniscus

Pyramidal decussation: corticospinal tract crosses the midline http://www.anatomyatlases.org/MicroscopicAnatomy/Images/Plate326.jpg

Cochlear and vestibular nuclei are extending from the inferior portion of the pons to the medulla oblongata and are special sensory nuclei. http://www.bioon.com/bioline/neurosci/course/brst11.gif

Nucleus amgiguus has branchial motor part (IX. , X Nucleus amgiguus has branchial motor part (IX., X.) and visceral motor part (X.)

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus is visceral motor nucleus.

Spinal accessory nucleus is branchial motor nucleus. http://fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/images/upload-flashcards/front/5/4/22545550_m.jpg

Hypoglossal nucleus is somatic motor nucleus.

Nucleus of the solitary tract (VII. , IX. , X Nucleus of the solitary tract (VII., IX., X.) extends from the inferior portion of the pons to the medulla oblongata and it is visceral sensory nucleus.

The longest brainstem nucleus is...

Trigeminal complex of the brainstem is general sensory nucleus complex. Mesencephalic nucleus (V., VII.): cells sensitive to the stretch in our jaw muscles, in our temporomandibular joint. Those cells are very important to govern chewing behaviour. Main sensory nucleus or principal trigeminal nucleus (V., VII., IX., X.) recieves signals about light touch from the face. Spinal trigeminal nucleus (V., VII., IX., X.): pain and temperature. www.bioon.com

˝Open book concept˝ (suggestion of the name by Domina Petric, MD; inspired with Leonard E. White on-line lectures) Somatic motor and branchial motor nuclei are the closes to the midline of the brainstem. Visceral motor nuclei are lateral from somatic and branchial motor nuclei. Visceral sensory and special visceral sensory nuclei are more lateral than visceral motor nuclei. Somatic sensory and special somatic sensory nuclei are the most lateral nuclei in the brain stem. visceral and special visceraal sensory nuclei visceral motor nuclei somatic motor and branchial motor nuclei somatic and special somatic sensory nuclei

Literature https://www.coursera.org/learn/medical- neuroscience/lecture: Leonard E. White, PhD, Duke University. Wikipedia.org www.neuroscientificallychallenged.com http://proprofs-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com/images image.slidesharecdn.com

Pinterest.com www.studyblue.com www.bioon.com www.anatomyatlases.org Literature Pinterest.com www.studyblue.com www.bioon.com www.anatomyatlases.org what-when-how.com Cram.com