Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants 30 Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants Questions prepared by Loraine Washburn, Bowdoin College

The reason that two sperm nuclei travel down the pollen tube is that they both stimulate growth of the pollen tube. one fertilizes the egg, and the other combines with the two polar nuclei. one fertilizes the egg, the other fertilizes the synergid. one is for fertilizing the egg, and one directs the pollen tube toward the micropyle. if one fails in fertilization, there is a backup nucleus. Answer: B

The reason that two sperm nuclei travel down the pollen tube is that they both stimulate growth of the pollen tube. one fertilizes the egg, and the other combines with the two polar nuclei. one fertilizes the egg, the other fertilizes the synergid. one is for fertilizing the egg, and one directs the pollen tube toward the micropyle. if one fails in fertilization, there is a backup nucleus. 3

In dicotyledon seed germination, usually the first organ to emerge from the seed is the shoot tip, as the most important function to get under way is breaking through the soil. hypocotyl, as the most important function to get under way is breaking through the soil. cotyledon(s), as the most important function to get under way is photosynthesis. radicle, as the most important function to get under way is the absorption of water and nutrients. root, as the most important function to get under way is the anchoring of the plant to the soil. Answer: D 4

In dicotyledon seed germination, usually the first organ to emerge from the seed is the shoot tip, as the most important function to get under way is breaking through the soil. hypocotyl, as the most important function to get under way is breaking through the soil. cotyledon(s), as the most important function to get under way is photosynthesis. radicle, as the most important function to get under way is the absorption of water and nutrients. root, as the most important function to get under way is the anchoring of the plant to the soil. 5

self-incompatibility. rapid pollen tube growth. apomixes. A reproductive trait of a hybrid crop plant that is advantageous in plant breeding is male sterility. seed dormancy. self-incompatibility. rapid pollen tube growth. apomixes. Answer: E 6

self-incompatibility. rapid pollen tube growth. apomixes. A reproductive trait of a hybrid crop plant that is advantageous in plant breeding is male sterility. seed dormancy. self-incompatibility. rapid pollen tube growth. apomixes. 7

The angiosperm embryo is diploid. In double fertilization in the angiosperms, all of the following are true except which one? The angiosperm embryo is diploid. The pollen tube reaching the micropyle results in the death of one of the synergids. The fertilized angiosperm ovule consists of diploid and triploid cells. The megasporangium gives rise to four haploid eggs through meiosis. One of the pollen nuclei contributes to the genome of the endosperm. Answer: D 8

The angiosperm embryo is diploid. In double fertilization in the angiosperms, all of the following are true except which one? The angiosperm embryo is diploid. The pollen tube reaching the micropyle results in the death of one of the synergids. The fertilized angiosperm ovule consists of diploid and triploid cells. The megasporangium gives rise to four haploid eggs through meiosis. One of the pollen nuclei contributes to the genome of the endosperm. 9

The flowers of wind-pollinated plants usually have flat blades to direct the wind. produce sticky pollen. are usually green and inconspicuous. are usually white and small. usually occur on separate male and female plants. Answer: C 10

The flowers of wind-pollinated plants usually have flat blades to direct the wind. produce sticky pollen. are usually green and inconspicuous. are usually white and small. usually occur on separate male and female plants. 11

An accessory fruit is one that grows from a lateral meristem. develops from tissue other than the ovary. develops from the pericarp. consists of multiple receptacles. is not necessary for reproduction. Answer: B 12

An accessory fruit is one that grows from a lateral meristem. develops from tissue other than the ovary. develops from the pericarp. consists of multiple receptacles. is not necessary for reproduction. 13

guava, blackberry, cherry watermelon, orange, fig apple, pear, cherry Which three fruits consist of an aggregate fruit, a multiple fruit, and an accessory fruit, in that order? guava, blackberry, cherry watermelon, orange, fig apple, pear, cherry pineapple, tangerine, cranberry strawberry, fig, pear Answer: E 14

guava, blackberry, cherry watermelon, orange, fig apple, pear, cherry Which three fruits consist of an aggregate fruit, a multiple fruit, and an accessory fruit, in that order? guava, blackberry, cherry watermelon, orange, fig apple, pear, cherry pineapple, tangerine, cranberry strawberry, fig, pear 15

engineer the gene into the chloroplast DNA. One approach to reducing the spread of transgenes of engineered crop plants into wild congeneric populations is to engineer the gene into the chloroplast DNA. insert the desired gene into the nucleus of the crop plant. engineer only species that obligately outcross. engineer only plants that spread by cloning. plant the engineered plants far away from pollinators. Answer: A 16

engineer the gene into the chloroplast DNA. One approach to reducing the spread of transgenes of engineered crop plants into wild congeneric populations is to engineer the gene into the chloroplast DNA. insert the desired gene into the nucleus of the crop plant. engineer only species that obligately outcross. engineer only plants that spread by cloning. plant the engineered plants far away from pollinators. 17

All of the following are examples of asexual reproduction except which one? rhizomatous spread agamospermy apomixis fragmentation totipotency Answer: E 18

All of the following are examples of asexual reproduction except which one? rhizomatous spread agamospermy apomixis fragmentation totipotency 19

pollinators are in short supply, as in the Arctic tundra. Asexual reproduction in plants may be an evolutionarily advantageous strategy where pollinators are in short supply, as in the Arctic tundra. the environment is uniform and predictable, as in the short grass prairie. the environment is disturbed, as along the side of a road. all of the above none of the above Answer: D 20

pollinators are in short supply, as in the Arctic tundra. Asexual reproduction in plants may be an evolutionarily advantageous strategy where pollinators are in short supply, as in the Arctic tundra. the environment is uniform and predictable, as in the short grass prairie. the environment is disturbed, as along the side of a road. all of the above none of the above 21