From: Effects of Shear Stress on the Gene Expressions of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Endothelin-1, and Thrombomodulin in Human Retinal Microvascular.

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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci ;48(10): doi: /iovs Figure Legend:

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From: Effects of Shear Stress on the Gene Expressions of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Endothelin-1, and Thrombomodulin in Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.. 2011;52(11):8496-8504. doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7686 Figure Legend: Flow circuit system and flow chamber. (A) The closed circuit, including the flow chamber, a peristaltic pump, and a medium reservoir, are connected by silicone tubes. (B) Structure of the parallel plate type flow chamber. The shear rate (γ̇, 1/s) and shear stress (τ, dyne/cm2) acting on the cells were calculated using the formulas: γ̇ = 6Q̇/(a2b) and τ = μ · γ̇, where Q̇ is the volumetric flow rate (mL/sec), a and b are the height and width (cm) of the channel in the cross section, and μ is the viscosity of the perfused fluid. Date of download: 10/20/2017 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Copyright © 2017. All rights reserved.