GCSE Physical Education The Cardiovascular System During Exercise
Learning Objectives By the end of this lesson pupils should: The immediate and short-term effects of participation in exercise and physical activity including: - Increased heart rate - Systolic/diastolic blood pressure - Increased blood pressure
The Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood and the blood vessels The heart is a muscular pump, which pushes blood throughout the many blood vessels in the body Blood being pushed around has 2 main functions: - to supply the body with oxygen & nutrients - to remove waste products e.g. carbon dioxide Blood vessels run throughout the body, allowing blood to travel everywhere
Effects During Exercise Exercise has a number of immediate effects on the cardiovascular system, what are they?
Increased Heart Rate
Increased Heart Rate Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute Heart rate can vary considerably from person to person, however the normal resting heart rate is between 60-80 beats per minute Exercise makes the body work harder. As a result, the muscles require more oxygen and more nutrients, such as glycogen, to function properly
Increased Heart Rate Oxygen and nutrients are carried to the muscles by the blood. The heart has to work faster to pump the blood around the body, therefore the heart rate increases To bring about a change in heart rate the body releases adrenaline, which is the main cause of changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Adrenaline is a hormone
Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the wall of the blood vessels. The heart makes two beating sounds Systole - made by the lower chambers contracting and pushing blood at high pressure into the arteries Diastole - made by the upper chambers contracting
Increased Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries Blood pressure increases during exercise because more blood is needed to be pumped around the body, increasing pressure on the blood vessels A blood pressure metre is used to measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Systolic & Diastolic Pressure
Systolic & Diastolic Pressure Systolic pressure - the maximum pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts (beats) and pushes blood out through the aorta into the body Diastolic pressure - the pressure of the blood during the relaxation phase between heart beats (when heart is at rest) Pulse pressure - the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
Immediate Effects of Exercise
Immediate Effects of Exercise Breathing becomes deeper/faster - This is so more oxygen can be supplied to the lungs Body temperature increases - The working muscles generate heat causing the body’s temperature to rise. The body regulates temperature by heat radiating from the skin and through sweating Sweating starts & body requires fluids - Fluid is needed to cool the body down and to prevent dehydration Muscles begin to ache - Muscles need energy and oxygen to work. Glucose is used as the energy source, but lactic acid, a waste product, is also produced
Lactic Acid
Lactic Acid Lactic acid is a poison. It builds up slowly during exercise and during higher intensity work it builds up in muscles more quickly The reason for this build up could be poor training or a result of a depletion to the glycogen stores in the muscles as a result of a massive muscular effort After a while lactic acid will make muscles ache It will eventually cause cramp and stop muscles working. The athlete must rest while the blood brings fresh supplies of oxygen to the muscles
Learning Objectives (Revisited) By the end of this lesson pupils should: The immediate and short-term effects of participation in exercise and physical activity including: - Increased heart rate - Systolic/diastolic blood pressure - Increased blood pressure
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