Class, Conflict & Culture in the English Colonies Ch. 4 - 5

Was the pre-1700 society of the southern colonies homogenous or heterogeneous when compared to that of New England? SFI List Thesis Statement Warm Up

Slavery Symposium With your group: Read the Virginia Slave Code handout Identify the intended social outcomes behind these restrictions (on your own paper) Discuss your assigned article & on chart paper: What does your article’s title mean? Identify the author’s thesis (in your own words) Give us the jist The 5 facts we should take away from your presentation Slavery Symposium

Conflict in the Colonies Bacon’s Rebellion Leisler’s Rebellion New York City 1689-91 Jacob Leisler, Protest merchant led a rebellion again James Iis policies Wealthy landholders versus merchants Dominion of New England Royal-led (James II) attempt to unify the colonies and enforce the Navigation Acts Taxed people unfairly Collapsed due to Glorious Revolution Virginia 1676 back country planter Nathaniel Bacon Poor freemen, small farmers indiscriminately attacked Indians & burned the capital Put down by Gov. Berkeley Encouraged planters to seek slaves instead of indentures Conflict in the Colonies

Salem Witch Trials Waning religious devotion by 1660s Congregationalist Church (Puritan) created new formula to admit members – halfway covenant Only baptism required, not full conversion Created bigger division b/w ‘elect’ & everyone else Majority of members were women By the 1690s, widening social stratification led to conflict Established poor farming families accused new merchants class families of acts of witch craft Just the word of teenage girls & overzealous clergy convicted many 20 were killed and dozens indicted in 1692-93 Salem Witch Trials

Warm Up “What then is an American, this new man?” This quote from Guillaume Jean de Crevecoeur described Americans as a new kind of people, different from their European counterparts. Defend his position using your knowledge of Unit 1.

About 90% of the population was involved in farming Fishing & shipbuilding were major industries 40% of all British ships were made in the colonies From 1700-1775 the population of the American colonies surged, leading to a political imbalance 1700:20 English for 1 Amer. colonist 177:3 English for 1 Amer. Colonist Increasing social stratification (lack of movement) after 1750 due to: Wealthy merchant class that profited from colonial wars Many widows & orphans due to colonial wars Supply of available land in New England decreased and farms subdivided (got smaller) through inheritance Indentured servants Convicts Slave trade increased; supported by English crown Colonial Society 1700 - 1775

Scots-Irish 7% of non-English population Not Irish, but Scot lowlanders Primarily Protestant Typically pushed out to the frontier lands of NC, western MD, northwest VA Typically anti-Indian; and anti-elite Supported the Paxton Boys of PA and the Regulator Movement in NC Scots-Irish

Slaves 20% of colonial population by 1775 Integral part of the triangular trade system NE (rum)to West Africa (slaves), West Africa (slaves) to West Indies (molasses), West Indies (molasses) to New England

By the 1730s, most colonists were Congregationalists, Anglicans or Presbyterians Catholics & Jews were the smallest groups, and discriminated against Calvinist churches experienced a religious revival No salvation in good works, only through divine grace Inspired conversion and high emotionalism Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield Old Lights vs. New Lights Inspired new universities to prepare preachers (Dartmouth, Princeton, Brown, Rutgers) Great Awakening

Education Early Puritan settlers saw the need for literacy NE had many elementary (boys & girls) & secondary schools (boys), but far less common in the middle and south – elementary only Religion & classical languages Most colleges began as seminaries, except the University of PA Education

The American Character Benjamin Franklin (home grown) Author, inventor, businessman, statesman Poor Richard’s Almanack Invented ‘modern’ stove, bifocals Phyllis Wheatley (poet) John Singleton Copley, John Trumbull (artists)

John Singleton Copley