Electronics Part 4 Electrical Components

VOCABULARY FOR THIS LESSON Electrical Component Names Components Electrical Symbols Electrical Components Functions See component inventory charts on next slides

Electrical Components in your Kit – Use the chart on the next two slides to check that you have all of your components in your kit.

Wiring Diagram A drawing meant to depict the electrical arrangement of the wires and the components they connect is called artwork or layout, physical design, or wiring diagram. Circuit diagrams are used for the design (circuit design), construction (such as PCB layout), and maintenance of electrical and electronic equipment.

Breadboard/Solderless Circuit The Breadboard allows you to build electronic circuits without having to solder parts together. Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Jumper Wires Used to connect components on your breadboard to make the circuits.

Electrical wiring diagram symbol Power Source Battery stores electrical energy. The battery will have a positive & a negative terminal. In some circuits the ground is connected to the ground/body of the device. Example - in an automobile the ground is connected to the frame/body of the vehicle. Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Electrical wiring diagram symbol Mechanical Switches There are many types of mechanical switches. This is a on/off switch. It holds the circuit open(OFF) or closed(ON). Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Electrical wiring diagram symbol Mechanical Switches This is a momentary switch. On/off switch. It holds the circuit open and only closes the circuit while being held depressed. Limit Switch is just another type/name for a momentary switch Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Electrical wiring diagram symbol Mechanical Switches This is a two way switch. On/On switch. It holds the circuit closed in one of two circuit paths. Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Electrical wiring diagram symbol Mechanical Switches This is a three way switch. On/off/on switch. It holds the circuit closed in one of two circuit paths and closed in the other. Or, it opens both circuits at once. Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Electrical wiring diagram symbol Fixed Resistors It resists current flow. Reduces electrical current. Color coded see chart below Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Fixed Resistors Different physical sizes have different wattage ratings.

Electrical wiring diagram symbol Potentiometer Variable Resistor, as the wiper are moves across the resistive material it increases the length and therefore the resistance of the circuit. Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Electrical wiring diagram symbol Rheostat Variable Resistor, as the wiper are moves across the resistive material (a coil of wire) it increases the length and therefore the resistance of the circuit. Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Electrical wiring diagram symbol Photocell This is a variable resistor / semiconductor that changes it’s resistance with the changing volumes of photons hitting its surface. Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Electrical wiring diagram symbol Capacitors This is a device that stores energy, a temporary battery. There are different types. This is a Ceramic Capacitor. Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Electrical wiring diagram symbol Capacitors This is a Electrolytic Capacitor. Danger! – Some capacitors have voltages that can shock and/or even kill. Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Electrical wiring diagram symbol Diode One Way check valve. It only allows power to flow in one direction and stops it flowing the other way. Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Light Emitting Diode (LED) This is a one way check valve/that also emits light. It only allows electrical current to flow in one direction. Arrow shows the direction of current flow. Note: LED’s in your kit cannot handle 9V, don’t hook them straight to battery! Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Electrical wiring diagram symbol Transistor (PNP & NPN) It allows current to flow through it only after a small positive charge is applied at it’s gate. Used to amplify a circuit. Can store a (BIT) of data on/off, a 1 or a 0. So, enough transistors assembled together can create processor/memory. Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Electrical wiring diagram symbol 555 TIMER (IC CHIP) Integrated Circuit (IC) – several components formed together on a silicon wafer: Transistor, Diodes, Resistors, Capacitors, and Etc. 555 Timer very simple IC chip. Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Silicone Controlled Rectifier (SCR) It is a Diode that can be turned off via a input signal on the third wire. So, Input a + charge on the third leg and the diode stops being a diode! Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Electrical wiring diagram symbol Speaker Picture Produces sound waves when a variable electric current is passed through it. It is type of “Linear Motor” that actuates the air. Made up of many component parts: Electrical wiring diagram symbol

Electrical wiring diagram symbol ELECTRIC MOTOR Uses electric magnets and stationary magnets to turn electrical energy into rotational mechanical energy. Note: motors in your kit are 3V, don’t hook straight to 9V battery! Picture Electrical wiring diagram symbol

ELECTRIC MOTOR There are many types and configurations of electric motors. All are going to have rotating magnet(s) and a shaft called a the Armature/Rotor. Stationary magnet(s) Stator. There are brushless types, however the one in your kit has brushes.

VOCABULARY FOR THIS LESSON Electrical Component Names Components Electrical Symbols Electrical Components Functions See component inventory charts on next slides