Nationalism

Directions-Nationalism Assignment Yesterday, you learned about the different reasons why people come together to form nations. For this assignment, work alone or with a partner and pick a country (any country in the world works, but pick a country you know something about. Don’t pick Andorra or Malta). On one side of the paper, write down any sign of nationalism you can think of. This can be any one of the reasons we talked about yesterday or anything else you come up with (slogans, traditions, anthems, mottos). On the back draw a symbol of that nation.

Olympics and Nationalism Many controversies surround the games because of tensions and nationalism between different countries Jesse Owens wins gold in Nazi Germany in 1936 US and USSR (Russia) boycotted Olympics during the Cold War US basketball team of 1972 won’t accept their silver medals after “losing” to USSR Munich Massacre in 1972, 11 Israelis killed by terrorists US hockey team on the 1980 Olympics and the “Miracle on Ice” Iran won’t let its athletes play Israeli athletes

The Danger of “-isms” Words like “nationalism” and “imperialism” are used a lot in political and social discussions, but many people don’t really know what they mean No “-ism” is simply good/bad or right/wrong For example, “Communism is immoral” or “Capitalism is evil” are not true statements

Nationalism Devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation. Desire for national independence in a country under foreign rule. The belief that nations will benefit from acting separately rather than together, emphasizing national rather than worldwide goals.

Modernists vs Primordialists Two different beliefs in how nationalism happened Modernists believe nationalism came from the creation of modern, industrialized society Primordialists believe nationalism comes from the ancient, evolutionary idea that similar people group themselves together

Bonds that Create Nations There are several different things that people share which hold them together: Culture-shared way of life (food, dress, behavior) History-shared past experiences (Holocaust) Religion-a shared common faith (Catholicism in Ireland) Ancestry-shared ethnic origins (Latin America) Territory-traditional land once inhabited by a group (Israel) Language-shared dialects that become a national language (English in the US)

Most Common Types of Nationalism Anti-Colonial Nationalism Civic Nationalism Ethnocentrism Socialist Nationalism Ultranationalism

Anti-Colonial Opposition to a foreign ruler and the belief that the native people of a certain place should have their own country to rule themselves American Revolution, Toussaint Overture, Latin American Revolutions

Civic Nationalism Civic nationalism says a nation is a group of people who identify themselves as belonging to that nation, who have equal and shared political rights, and similar political beliefs Emphasize freedom, tolerance, and equality Political unity, not ethnic unity Most positive form of nationalism

Socialist Nationalism Believe that all people should live in a free and equal nation Also emphasize tolerance and power of the people Communism Nations can become totalitarian (government controls everything) if socialist nationalism goes too far

Ethnocentrism Belief that your own ethnicity/culture is better than all the others  Judge other cultures, especially the differences in language, behavior, customs, and religion Ethnic nationalists believe a country should be made up of people of the same culture

Ultranationalism A form of extreme and radical support of a nation Often ultranationalists countries have a totalitarian government Emphasis on military strength, government control of business and the economy, and extreme ethnocentrism

Nationalism-The Good and Bad Nationalism brings people together for the common good Nationalism allows people to rule themselves Nationalism puts power in the hands of the people, not a king Nationalism promotes competition between nations and encourages people to be the best they can be

Nationalism-The Good and Bad -The Bad- Nationalism forces assimilation and segregates minority groups Extreme nationalism can result in ethnic cleansing Nationalism can promote war between countries in competition Too much nationalism can create totalitarian governments

Rise of European Nations Many countries that exist today formed during/after the Industrial Revolution Greece united and achieved independence in 1829 The many small kingdoms in Germany united into one country in 1871 The big kingdoms in Italy were unified after a war led by nationalists Dozens of ethnic groups were unified under the Austria-Hungary Empire

Imperialism Imperialism is the creation of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship Usually between states and often in the form of an empire Imperialism relies on domination and subjugation An empire is a large group of states and/or ethnicities that are united and ruled by a monarch

Imperialism vs Colonialism DO NOT GET CONFUSED-Having an empire and having colonies are not the same thing Colonies are settlements put in another land Empire is domination over people in another land

The Imperial Age Began in 1870 and was a period of developed nations (Britain, US, France, Germany, Italy, Japan) colonized or took over less-developed countries Africa and the Middle-East were carved up by the Western nations Europeans sought raw materials such as dyes, cotton, vegetable oils, spices, and metal ores from overseas Europe and the US became the manufacturing powers in the world

Empires Powered by Industry Europe and the US were able to dominate under- developed countries because of the advanced technology that came out of the Industrial Revolution The invention of railroads and telegraphs made it easier to communicate with other countries Railroads assisted in transporting goods and in supplying large armies European military technology was also highly advanced Explosives became more powerful and guns became lighter, more accurate, and faster

Tensions and Alliances Massive empires created a complicated network of global alliances Countries were competing locally and internationally Nationalism fueled pride and competition between countries The combination of complex alliances, advanced weapons, nationalism, and competition would set the stage for World War I