Brazil 1

1.Geographical situation Location: Eastern South America - largest country in South America; is home to the Amazon Rainforest Bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and 10 countries- Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela Area: 8 511 965 km2 2

2.Physical environment and natural resources Climate: mostly tropical, but temperate in south Terrain: mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains,hills,mountains and narrow coastal belt Natural resources:bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates,uranium, platinum, tin, petroleum, hydropower, timber 3

2. Physical environment and natural resources 4

3.Population Population: 198 739 269 Population growth rate: 1.06% - Birth rate: 16.83 births/ 1,000 population (2005) - Death rate: 6.15 deaths/ 1,000 population (2005) Age structure: - 0-14 years: 26.1% - 15-64 years: 67.9% - 65 years and over: 6% 5

3. Population Religions: Roman Catholic 73.6%, Protestant 15.4%, Spiritualist 1.3%, Bantu/voodoo 0.3%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.2%, none 7.4% Languages: Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French Sports: football Nationality: Brazilian(s) Ethnic groups: white 48.43%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 43.80%, black 6.84%, Amerindian 0.58%, Asian 0.28% 6

3. Population Urbanization: 87% of total population (2010) The largest metropolitan areas in Brazil are São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte - all in the Southeastern Region 7

4.State organization and government Capital: Brasilia Government type: federative republic Administrative divisions: 26 states and 1 federal district The form of government - democratic republic, with a presidential system. The president is both head of state and head of government of the Union ; is elected for a 4-year term Current president- Dilma Rousseff who was inaugurated on January 1st 2011 8

5.Economy GDP: - the largest national economy in Latin America and the world's 8th largest economy - real growth rate: 5.1% - composition by sector: agriculture:10.2%; industry:37.5%; services: 52.3% * currency: Real (R$) Agriculture: - 20% of the labour force - products- coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef 9

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5. Economy Energy: - the world's tenth largest energy consumer with much of its energy coming from renewable sources (hydroelectricity and ethanol) - expected to be producer and exporter, having recently made huge oil discoveries Transportation: - large and diverse transport network - roads (1.98 million km) are the primary carriers of freight and passenger traffic Tourism: - a growing sector and key to the economy of several regions of the country (4.8 million visitors per year) - business tourism (49th place in the world's ranking; second among Latin American countries 11

5. Economy 5. Economy Manufacturing: - textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment - technological hubs are the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, the Butantan Institute, the Air Force's Aerospace Technical Center, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation and the INPE Foreign trade: - exports: commodities: transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos - imports: commodities: machinery,electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil 12

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6.Problems Poverty- various favelas, slums in the country's metropolitan areas and remote regions that suffer with economic underdevelopment . Crime- muggings, robberies, kidnappings and gang violence are common. Police brutality and corruption are widespread. Education- school non-attendance; children from large poor families start working from the age of 10 in order to help their parents. 14

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