The Urinary System

Functions of the Urinary system Maintain homeostasis of: Blood Fluid volume Blood pressure pH Removes waste

Fluid intake and output Food, water by mouth Cellular respiration

Fluid intake and output Voiding (urination) Micturition (urination) Sweat Exhaled vapor Feces

The Ureters tubes that carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder extension of renal pelvis 10 to 12 inches primary function is to transport urine FYI-gravity -hydrostatic pressure peristaltic action by muscularis layer

The Urinary Bladder hollow muscular organ stores urine until excretion Shape depends on how much urine is present when filled with urine somewhat pear shaped

The Urethra tube leading from bladder to exterior of body Female-- 1 1/2 in Male-- 8 in Internal Sphincter aids in expansion of bladder External Urethral Sphincter controls urination

Urine is made in the kidneys

Nephrons functional units of kidney filters blood by removing waste products forms urine

Nephrons (cont) regulates blood fluid and electrolyte balance

Components of a Nephron Renal Corpuscle = contains the Glomerulus and Bowman's Capsule Renal Tubules = thin twisting ducts of tubes

Renal Corpuscle contains: Glomerulus MAIN FUNCTION IS FILTRATION Tuft (ball) of capillaries

Renal Corpuscle contains: Glomeruler-Bowman’s capsule Collects fluid Leads into PCT (proximal convoluted tubule)

The Renal Tubules three main sections: Proximal Convoluted Tubule --PCT Loop of Henle

The Renal Tubules Distal Convoluted Tubule DCT surrounded by Peri-Tubular Capillaries reabsorption of fluid back into the blood secretion of excess ions into urine

Urine Production three process involved in Urine Production all occur in Nephrons Glomerular Filtration (blood filtered) – in RENAL CORPUSCLE Tubular Reabsorption (fluid & electrolytes to blood)—PCT & LOOP OF HENLE Tubular Secretion (from ( blood tubular fluid) - DCT

Kidneys size of your fist Paired organs Renal Fascia = thin membrane on outside of kidney anchors the kidney to abdominal wall

Kidneys Adipose Capsule = adipose tissue around each kidney --protects the kidney from trauma --holds the kidney firmly in place Renal Capsule = skin-like covering of tissue surrounding each kidney

Kidney (cont) Hilus = where the ureter leaves the kidney Renal Sinus = a cavity within the kidney by the Hilus (contains renal pelvis) Calyx = channel urine into the renal pelvis

Three Major regions of kidney 1. Cortex = outer region of the kidney 2. Medulla = middle brownish area of the kidney contain: Renal (Medullary) Pyramids = 8 to 18 triangular structures within the medulla 3. Renal Pelvis = region that collect urine

Physical Characteristics of Urine Color = yellow or amber can vary considerably with diet Turbidity = clear then turns cloudy Odor = usually odorless, but can smell if left standing

Urine Volume normally one to three quarts per day influenced by: Blood Pressure Blood Concentration Temperature Diuretics Emotions Hormones

-Chemical Composition of Urine Water = 95% 5% solutes from cellular metabolism Organic Components of Urine Urea - Uric Acid - Creatine Hippuric Acid - Ketone Bodies - Others

-Chemical Composition of Urine Inorganic Components of Urine NaCl - Ca++ - NH4+ Mg++ - PO4(3-) - SO4 (2-)

Abnormal Substances in Urine Glucose Ketone Bodies in large numbers Erythrocytes Leukocytes Billirubin Large number of microbes

FYI the entire volume of blood in the body is filtered by the kidneys about 60 times each day filters about 180 Liters (45 gallons) of fluid a day returns over 99% of the fluid back to the body

The end