Particle model of matter 1. Introduction to the Particle Model and Internal Energy

Starter In groups complete the card sort to revise kinetic theory from Year 9 chemistry…

Lesson Goals Distinguish between solids, liquids and gases in terms of properties, behaviour and molecular structure. Brownian motion as evidence for the molecular / kinetic theory. To assess suitability of a model Understand and explain internal energy

States Of Matter Lesson Aims: What are the differences between solids, liquids and gases if we look at a molecular level? solid liquid gas

Kinetic Theory Lesson Aims: Matter is made of tiny particles which are constantly in motion. The particles attract each other strongly when close which reduces as the particles move further apart.

Properties 1 Solids: Shape and volume: Bonds: Particle movement: Fixed Lesson Aims: Solids: Shape and volume: Bonds: Particle movement: Fixed Strong forces of attraction between particles Vibrate but do not change positions

Properties 2 Liquids: Shape and volume: Bonds: Particle movement: Lesson Aims: Liquids: Shape and volume: Bonds: Particle movement: Fixed volume, takes shape of container Weaker than solids although particles are close Vibrations are vigorous so attractions not strong enough to hold in fixed position.

Properties 3 Gases: Shape and volume: Bonds: Particle movement: Lesson Aims: Gases: Shape and volume: Bonds: Particle movement: Fill container Virtually free of attractions between particles as far apart. Move at high speed colliding with each other and walls of container.

States of Matter Lesson Aims: Solid Liquid Gas e.g. ________ Have a f_______ shape, do not flow Can flow and take the s______ of container _____ the container they are put in Difficult to c_________ Easy to c________ P________ close together and f______ in place. Particles close together but can m______ around Particles _____ to move in any and all directions

How do we know that air exists? Lesson Aims:

What evidence is there for kinetic theory Lesson Aims: Food colouring in water clip Brownian Motion

Using models in Science? Lesson Aims: Why do we use models? What are the limitations of the particle model of matter?

Using models in Science? Lesson Aims: Why do we use models? To help explain or describe the behaviour or solids, liquids or gases. What are the limitations of the particle model of matter? Particles are not actually solid spheres, Forces between the particles are not represented.

What is Internal Energy? Lesson Aims: What is Internal Energy? Your turn to be the model…

Internal Energy Lesson Aims: Is the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up a system Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles. Using your knowledge of the kinetic theory explain what happens to the internal energy of a system when it is heated.

Homework Lesson Aims:

Answering long questions Lesson Aims: What command word is being used? How many marks is the question worth? What key physics terms do you need to use? Don’t say ‘it’, (‘them’, etc) unless you have explained what ‘it’ is! Check your spelling, punctuation and grammar.