Chapter Three Managing Speech Anxiety Between One and Many: The Art and Science of Public Speaking 4th edition Steven R. Brydon & Michael D. Scott

How Arousal Influences Performance

Managing Arousal Before Speaking Develop a positive attitude Overprepare and practice Establish realistic goals Avoid negative self-talk Practice relaxation skills Practice visual imagery and rehearsal

Managing Arousal While Speaking Breathe deeply and relax Smile before beginning Make eye contact Practice positive self-talk “ I can do this” Use positive coping statements “ It’s going well. . .I’m halfway home”

Managing Arousal After Speaking Breathe deeply Congratulate your self Have pen and paper ready to record comments Focus on instructor/audience feedback

Self-Talk To Avoid Self-criticizing Self pressuring Catastophizing “ I’m a terrible speaker” Self pressuring “ I can’t afford anything less than an A” Catastophizing “ This is the worst experience I’ll ever have”

Positive Coping Statements “ I’m prepared for this speech” “ Do it just like you rehearsed it” “ It’s just like I practiced” “ This is better than I anticipated” “ I’m actually liking this” “ Not bad . . .not bad at all”

Daily Time Spent Listening

Benefits Of Effective Listening Greater success Increased understanding Fewer miscommunications Critical thinking Improved speaking skills

Misconceptions About Listening Listening is easy Listening is far more complicated than we think Listening is a matter of intelligence Effective listening is a skill . . .not an aptitude Listening is no different than reading You control reading, while the speaker mostly controls listening

Obstacles to Listening Noisy physical environment Noisy psychological environment Preoccupation with personal problems Personal bias Anxiety Cultural differences Language and context Overlooking connotative meaning

Goals of Listening Listening to understand Appreciative listening Learning about the underlying causes of the collapse of Enron Appreciative listening Learning what to listen for in a piece of classical music Critical listening Detecting faulty reasoning or distortions of fact

Skills For Better Listening Note-taking Paraphrasing Goal setting Blocking out competing stimuli Suspending judgment Concentrating on main ideas Taking note of meta-communication (p.91)

Types of Concentration

Effective Language: Things To Avoid Language that totalizes people on the basis of a single attribute e.g. gender or race Language that uses personal attributes to marginalize people e.g. religion or sexual orientation Language that detracts from your credibility Tag questions and qualifiers

Effective Language: What To Use Use inclusive language We, not me Use grammatically correct language Use competence enhancing language Assertive but not aggressive Use language to its fullest potential Alliteration, analogy,metaphor, simile

Methods of Delivery Reading from a written manuscript Recalling a written speech from memory Impromptu speaking Speaking without preparation or practice Extemporaneous speaking Speaking from a selected number of prepared notes

Zone of Interaction

Shifting Zone of Interaction