Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia Muneer S. Al-Badrany Stages of Anesthesia: Stage I: Induction Stage Or Voluntary Excitement Animal Conscious, may make forcible efforts to avoid anesthesia, fear lead to increase R.R, PR, Dilation Pupils, Animals may be defected, uninitiated Stage II: Involuntary Excitement animals loss consciousness, Reflex response to stimuli is exaggerated . Dog may Whimper Howl, cats swear, Horses neigh. Res. Irregular Swallowing & Vomiting Cough reflex present More dangerous stages, The anesthetist aim archive stage 3 as smoothly and quickly as possible, when given premedication it help to achieve this goal.

Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia Muneer S. Al-Badrany Stages of Anesthesia: Plane I: Light anesthesia Regular automatic breathing and cessation all limb movement , eye move from side to side . Palperpral, Conjunctiva, Corneal reflex disappear Stage III: Surgical Stage Minor operation Plane II: Medium deep anesthesia R. Rate increase and amplitude decrease, laryngeal reflex persist, eye ball fixed centrally , pedal reflex dog sluggish ( All operation except abdomen surgery Plane III: Deep anesthesia R. Rate increase, depth decrease, all reflex including pedal reflex disappear Plane IV: Excessive deep anesthesia Stage IV Anesthetic overdose: Paralysis thoracic muscle, jerkey movement of diaphragm , pulse become rapid pupil dilated eyeball present a fish eye , Cyanosis appear indicate heart failure

Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia Muneer S. Al-Badrany

Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia Muneer S. Al-Badrany Table : Method of assessing cardiovascular function in anesthetiazied animal. ♦ Heart rate Palpation of arterial pulse Oesophageal stethoscope ECG Blood pressure monitor Pulse oximeter ♦Tissue perfusion Mucus membrane colour Capillary refilling time Bleeding at operative site Urine out put ♦ Arterial blood pressure Palpation peripheral pulse Doppler ultrasound method Oscillometric method Arterial catheterization

Lectures in Veterinary Anesthesia Preanesthetic medications ♣To aid in the restraint of the animal by quieting the patient, educing anxiety, and decreasing hyperactivity ♣ To reduce or minimize pain, especially if the animal has suffered a fractured limb and must be moved or manipulated before anesthetic induction ♣ To facilitate the induction phase of general anesthesia by eliminating or re­ducing the excitatory stage. These drugs also help to reduce delirium and excitement during the recovery from general anesthesia. ♣ To minimize the vagal-mediated reflexes associated with the depressant action of general anesthetics and intubation of the trachea. ♣ To increase the effects of the general anesthetic drug in order to decrease the total amount of anesthetic drug needed to produce and maintain anesthesia ♣ To aid in the performance of local analgesia techniques by providing sedation and reducing anxiety