The Mauryan and The Guptas Pic 1 The Mauryan and The Guptas

Basic Information The Mauryan Empire Pic 2 The Mauryan Empire Rose in the Ganges Plain from 324 B.C.E. to 184 B.C.E. Was expanded from the kingdom of Magadha by Chandragupta Maurya. After his death, control was extended by Bindusara and Ashoka. (Bulliet, 160) Ashoka taught Buddhism, making the Mauryans Buddhist. Was politically fragmented (Bulliet, 161) The Arthashastra was the political manual for the Mauryans (Website 1) The Guptas Also rose in the Ganges Plain, but from 320 C.E. to 550 C.E., and its capital was Pataliputra Was established by Chandra Gupta, influenced by the Mauryans Samudra Gupta, Chandra Gupta II, and Kumara Gupta were Chandra Gupta’s successors. Relied on monopolies in metals, salt, and agriculture. (Bulliet, 162) The major religion was Hinduism (Website 1)

Geography The Mauryan Empire Pic 3 The Mauryan Empire Very politically fragmented because of different terrains. Is the expanded area of the kingdom of Magadha South of the Ganges river Eventually expanded over the entire continent except the southern tip Capital was Paliputra where 5 tributaries join the Ganges (Bulliet, 160) The Guptas Grew out of Magadha and on the Ganges Plain Exploited agricultural productivity of Ganges Mined metals and salt to raise revenue. Irrigation networks, roads, and trade routes ran through The state owned extensive tracts of farmland. (Bulliet, 162)

Military The Mauryan Empire Pic 4 The Mauryan Empire They had a large imperial army, control of mines, shipbuilding, and armaments. The imperial establishment was funded by a 25% tax on all agriculture (Bulliet, 160) Ashoka was an emperor famous for his military campaigns The battle at Kalinga was won but with many losses (Bulliet, 161) Their militarism ended after that, and Ashoka converted to buddhism. The Guptas Less military-based, but more intellectuality. (Website 1) A powerful army had tight control of only the core of the empire. (Bulliet, 162) They had to make up for their inability to enforce through military with intellectual persuasion. (Bulliet, 163) Relied heavily on infantry archers and the bow (Website 2) The fall of the Guptas was caused by the defeat by the Hunas.

Religion The Mauryan Empire Pic 5 The Mauryan Empire Ashoka converted to Buddhism and made it popular Inscribed edicts on rocks spread Buddhism. (Bulliet, 161) Buddhism was common among traders because of nonviolence. Buddhism might have been influenced by Christianity, as suggested by Maitreya Buddha Buddhism split into Mahayana Buddhism and Hinyana Buddhism (Website 1) The Guptas The Gupta monarchs were mainly Hindus Hindu temples evolved (Bulliet, 165) Hinduism was popular and unifying because of its flexibility. It was polytheistic, but believed in only one most supreme god, Brahma. Hinduism maintains the old Vedic religion, and Buddhist beliefs, but with slight changes. (Website 1)

Technological and Intellectual Advances Pic 6 The Mauryan Empire Kautilya helped develop the mandala theory of foreign policy Standard coinage was issued (Bulliet, 160) Networks of roads and towns fostered trade (Bulliet, 161) Mahabharata was a story 8 times the length of the Illiad and the Odyssey combined Indian doctors developed many herbal remedies, and scholars made big steps in linguistics (Bulliet, 162) The Guptas Built roads, wells, and irrigation networks (Bulliet, 162) They were known as a theater-state They developed the number zero, and place-value notation (Bulliet, 163) The concept of Pi was developed Negative numbers, and quadratic equations were also developed and impacted Arabic numerals. (Website 1)

Bibliography Books Bulliet, Richard. The Earth and Its Peoples. Third Edition. New York City: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. Websites Butler, Chris. “FC51: “India from the Maurya to the Gupta Dynasties”. The Flow Of History flowofhistory.com. 2007 < http://www.flowofhistory.com/units/asia/7/FC51> Unknown Author. “Gupta Empire: Facts”. Absolute Astronomy absoluteastronomy.com. 2009 <http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Gupta_Empire>

Picture Sources Picture 1: http://www.indohistory.com/gupta_empire.html Picture 2: http://cromos-e-cadernetas.com/?m=200902 Picture 3: http://a.abcnews.com/WN/popup?id=4574910 Picture 4: http://cromos-e-cadernetas.com/?m=200902 Picture 5: http://www.indianchild.com/hindu_god.htm Picture 6: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/southasianarchaeology/panels.htm

Questions Who was the third leader of the Mauryan Empire? Chandra Gupta Chandragupta Maurya Ashoka Bindusara Samudra Gupta

Questions Why was the Mauryan Empire mainly Buddhist? Because Ashoka had many losses in a battle and converted to Buddhism Because Ashoka wanted the Mauryans to keep old traditions by remaining Buddhist Because the Mauryans were pacific merchanters who were trade-based, and found no reason for violence Because the Mauryans were influenced by the religion of the Chinese civilizations to the east through trade and communication Because the Mauryans did not want to take any part of, or interfere with any wars.

Questions What was the name of the story that was 8 times longer than the Iliad and Odyssey? Magadha Bhagavad-Gita Mandala Arthashastra Mahabharata

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