Reduction in Smog Forming Emissions E-REVs produce significantly less smog forming emissions in real-world driving than conventional vehicle or PHEV equivalents Reduced cold-start emissions on E-REVs and PHEVs not yet accounted for in EPA smog score One possible method for comprehending this into an updated smog score system is to use a Smog Multiplier that weights cold start and running emissions respectively Engine Start Avoidance (ESA, eTrip-based) Utility Factor Electric Utilization (EU, eVMT-based) Utility Factor Reduction in Smog Forming Emissions Smog Multiplier = 0.25(1-UFESA) + 0.75(1-UFEU)