Biology of the brain online case studies

1. When an electrical signal enters a neuron, it begins at the _____________ A. Axon B. Cell body C. Dendrite D. Myelin sheath E. None of the above

1. When an electrical signal enters a neuron, it begins at the _____________ A. Axon B. Cell body C. Dendrite D. Myelin sheath E. None of the above

1. When an electrical signal travel through a neuron, it enters at the dendrite, continues through the ______________, A. Axon B. Cell body C. Dendrite D. Myelin sheath E. None of the above

1. When electrical signals travel through a neuron, it enters at the dendrite, continues through the ______________, A. Axon B. Cell body C. Dendrite D. Myelin sheath E. None of the above

1. When electrical signals travel through a neuron, it enters at the dendrite, continues through the cell body , and then through the __________________. A. Axon B. Cell body C. Dendrite D. Myelin sheath E. None of the above

1. When electrical signals travel through a neuron, it enters at the _dendrite, continues through the _cell body_, and then through the _____axon_______. A. Axon B. Cell body C. Dendrite D. Myelin sheath E. None of the above

1. The axon then sends chemicals called ________________ across the ___________ to the next neuron. A. neurotransmitters – synapse B. Synapse – neurons C. Neurons – synapse D. Synapse – neurotransmitters E. None of the above

1. The axon then sends chemicals called ________________ across the ___________ to the next neuron. A. neurotransmitters – synapse B. Synapse – neurons C. Neurons – synapse D. Synapse – neurotransmitters E. None of the above

2. When bill was playing basketball, he fell and bruised his knee 2. When bill was playing basketball, he fell and bruised his knee. However, the knee didn’t start to hurt until after the game. This is probably due to his brain releasing ____________, which is a type of _________. A. Dopamine – acetylcholine B. Synapse – endorphins C. Endorphins – neurotransmitter D. None of the above

A. Dopamine – acetylcholine B. Synapse – endorphins C. Endorphins 2. When bill was playing basketball, he fell and bruised his knee. However, the knee didn’t start to hurt until after the game. This is probably due to his brain releasing ____________, which is a type of _________. A. Dopamine – acetylcholine B. Synapse – endorphins C. Endorphins neurotransmitter D. None of the above

3. When Jim decided to wave to his friend, the message went from his brain down his spinal cord (part of the ________________ nervous system) and out to the muscles on his hand through the ____________ nervous system. A. sympathetic nervous system B. Central nervous system C. Peripheral nervous system D. Parasympathetic nervous system E. None of the above

3. When Jim decided to wave to his friend, the message went from his brain down his spinal cord (part of the ________________ nervous system) and out to the muscles on his hand through the ____________ nervous system. A. sympathetic nervous system B. Central nervous system C. Peripheral nervous system D. Parasympathetic nervous system E. None of the above

3. When Jim decided to wave to his friend, the message went from his brain down his spinal cord (part of the ______Central____ nervous system) and out to the muscles on his hand through the ____________ nervous system. A. sympathetic nervous system B. Central nervous system C. Peripheral nervous system D. Parasympathetic nervous system E. None of the above

3. When Jim decided to wave to his friend, the message went from his brain down his spinal cord (part of the ______Central____ nervous system) and out to the muscles on his hand through the ____________ nervous system. A. sympathetic nervous system B. Central nervous system C. Peripheral nervous system D. Parasympathetic nervous system E. None of the above

3. When Jim decided to wave to his friend, the message went from his brain down his spinal cord (part of the ______central____ nervous system) and out to the muscles on his hand through the ___peripheral_____ nervous system.

4. Jim falls off a ladder and cannot feel his legs. What has happened? A. Broke his leg B. Broke his patella C. Injured his brain D. None of the above

4. Jim falls off a ladder and cannot feel his legs. What has happened? A. Broke his leg B. Broke his patella C. Injured his brain D. None of the above – severed spinal column

5. How could you easily test to see if a reflex arc (and interneurons) are working even if his spinal cord is severed? A. give an MRI B. use the needle test C. look for the knee-jerk reaction D. ask him E. None of the above

5. How could you easily test to see if a reflex arc (and interneurons) are working even if his spinal cord is severed? A. give an MRI B. use the needle test C. look for the knee-jerk reaction D. ask him E. None of the above

Central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system 6. You reach for a box in your garage, out jumps a big spider. Your heart immediately begins to race as you withdraws your hand, but soon you realize the spider is harmless, and you begin to calm down. Which part of your nervous system is responsible for causing your heart to race? Central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system None of the above Answer: C

Central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system 6. You reach for a box in your garage, out jumps a big spider. Your heart immediately begins to race as you withdraws your hand, but soon you realize the spider is harmless, and you begin to calm down. Which part of your nervous system is responsible for causing your heart to race? Central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system None of the above Answer: C

Central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system 7. You reach for a box in your garage, out jumps a big spider. Your heart immediately begins to race as you withdraws your hand, but soon you realize the spider is harmless, and you begin to calm down. Which part of your nervous system is responsible for brining you back to a normal state of arousal? Central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system None of the above Answer: C

Central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system 7. You reach for a box in your garage, out jumps a big spider. Your heart immediately begins to race as you withdraws your hand, but soon you realize the spider is harmless, and you begin to calm down. Which part of your nervous system is responsible for brining you back to a normal state of arousal? Central nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system None of the above Answer: C

8. Think of your brain evolving from the bottom to the top 8. Think of your brain evolving from the bottom to the top. In that case, what would be the sequence of brain development? A. Limbic system, brain stem, cerebral cortex B. Brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex C. Limbic system, cerebral cortex, brainstem

8. Think of your brain evolving from the bottom to the top 8. Think of your brain evolving from the bottom to the top. In that case, what would be the sequence of brain development? A. Limbic system, brain stem, cerebral cortex B. Brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex C. Limbic system, cerebral cortex, brainstem

9. Twee lost her sight in an accident 9. Twee lost her sight in an accident. However, her visual cortex is still activated when she reads brail. What characteristic of the brain allows her to do this? A. Plasticity B. Phrenology C. Neural prosthetics D. None of the above

9. Twee lost her sight in an accident 9. Twee lost her sight in an accident. However, her visual cortex is still activated when she reads brail. What characteristic of the brain allows her to do this? A. Plasticity B. Phrenology C. Neural prosthetics D. None of the above

10. Bill has a stroke on one side of his brain 10. Bill has a stroke on one side of his brain. However, he could still copy drawings and recognize faces, but had difficulty with math. What brain structure helps him use both sides of his brain to help recover? A. Pons B. Cerebellum C. Corpus callosum D. None of the above

10. Bill has a stroke on one side of his brain 10. Bill has a stroke on one side of his brain. However, he could still copy drawings and recognize faces, but had difficulty with math. What brain structure helps him use both sides of his brain to help recover? A. Pons B. Cerebellum C. Corpus callosum D. None of the above

11. Pat has a stroke on one side of his brain 11. Pat has a stroke on one side of his brain. However, he could still copy drawings and recognize faces, but had difficulty with logic. Which side of his brain was damaged? A Right side B. Left side (Note: The entire brain is active, but it appears one side is more active in certain activities)

11. Pat has a stroke on one side of his brain 11. Pat has a stroke on one side of his brain. However, he could still copy drawings and recognize faces, but had difficulty with math. Which side of his brain was damaged? A Right side B. Left side (Note: The entire brain is active, but it appears one side is more active in certain activities)

12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb 12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb. (1) You want to know how this affected the electrical activity in her brain. Which brain scan would you use, why would you use , and how do each of these work? A. ECT B. EGG C. EEG D. CAT scan E. Dog scan

12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb 12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb. (1) You want to know how this affected the electrical activity in her brain. Which brain scan would you use, why would you use , and how do each of these work? A. ECT B. EGG C. EEG D. CAT scan E. Dog scan

12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb 12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb. (1) You want to know how this affected the electrical activity in her brain. (2) You also want to know which areas of her brain may have been damaged and have reduced blood flow. Which brain scan would you use for each of these task, why would you use these, and how do each of these work? A. fMRI B. MRI C. EEG D. PET None of the above

12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb 12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb. (1) You want to know how this affected the electrical activity in her brain. (2) You also want to know which areas of her brain may have been damaged and have reduced blood flow. Which brain scan would you use for each of these task, why would you use these, and how do each of these work? A. fMRI B. MRI C. EEG D. PET None of the above

12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb 12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb. (1) You want to know how this affected the electrical activity in her brain. (2) You also want to know which areas of her brain may have been damaged and have reduced blood flow. (3) Finally you want to use radioactive glucose to know if brain damage is causing her difficulty. Which brain scans would you use for each of these tasks, why would you use these, and how do each of these work? A. fMRI B. ECT C. CT D. EEG E. None of the above

E. None of the above – PET scan 12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb. (1) You want to know how this affected the electrical activity in her brain. (2) You also want to know which areas of her brain may have been damaged and have reduced blood flow. (3) Finally you want to use radioactive glucose to know if brain damage is causing her difficulty. Which brain scans would you use for each of these tasks, why would you use these, and how do each of these work? A. fMRI B. ECT C. CT D. EEG E. None of the above – PET scan – Positron Emission Tomography

1. ECT - Electroencephalogram 12. Janet fell off her bike and hit her head on the cement curb. (1) You want to know how this affected the electrical activity in her brain. (2) You also want to know which areas of her brain may have been damaged and have reduced blood flow. (3) Finally you want to use radioactive glucose to know if brain damage is causing her difficulty. Which brain scans would you use for each of these tasks, why would you use these, and how do each of these work? 1. ECT - Electroencephalogram 2.fMRI – Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 3.PET – Positron Emission Tomography

13. After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. It is most probable that she has suffered damage to her: amygdala. cerebellum. corpus callosum. D. None of the above Answer: C

13. After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. It is most probable that she has suffered damage to her: amygdala. cerebellum. C. corpus callosum. Answer: C

14. Janet is taking Prozac for her depression, which neurotransmitter is being targeted? Glutamate BV. Dopamine Acetylcholine Endorphin E. None of the above Answer: A

14. Janet is taking Prozac for her depression, which neurotransmitter is being targeted? Glutamate BV. Dopamine Acetylcholine Endorphin None of the above Serotonin Answer: A

14. Janet is taking Prozac for her depression, which neurotransmitter is being targeted? A. serotonin B. glutamate C. GABA D. acetylcholine Answer: A SSRI’s

15. You are in a heated argument with your partner 15. You are in a heated argument with your partner. Which part of your brain is most active? A. amygdala B. hypothalamus C. hippocampus D. cerebellum Answer: A

15. Jim is in a heated argument with your partner 15. Jim is in a heated argument with your partner. Which part of his brain is most active? A. amygdala B. hypothalamus C. hippocampus D. cerebellum Answer: A

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