Animals “Until one has loved an animal, a part of one's soul remains unawakened.”  ― Anatole France

Vertabrates Vertebral Column (spine, backbone) 64,000 species described Vertebrates make up about 4% of all described animal species Invertabrates (neither possess nor develop a vertebrae)

Mammals Vertabrates 200 million years ago Remarkably varied, with over 5,400 species All female mammals nurse their young with milk

Mammals - facts All mammals have hair Mammals are tetrapods Mammals are warm-blooded (they generate their own, internal heat)

Omnivores An animal that eats food of both plant and animal origin

Carnivores An animal that feeds on flesh Preadation or scavenging

Herbivores Anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material Mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding

Wolves Although wolves are usually afraid of humans, they will respond to human howls Where there are wolves, there are often ravens (“wolf-birds”). Ravens often follow wolves to grab leftovers from the hunt—and to tease the wolves. They play with the wolves by diving at them and then speeding away or playing with their tails to try to get the wolves to chase them Unlike other animals, wolves have a variety of distinctive facial expressions they use to communicate and maintain pack unity