Russian Revolution- Czars

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Presentation transcript:

Russian Revolution- Czars

Russia in the 1800s Largest European country Diverse population Limited industrial development Liberal movements from people met with harshness from Czars Censorship Rejected a constitution “Russification”- assimilation by non-Russians to religion, language, and culture

Serfdom in Russia Serfdom- condition of bondage, no freedom Serfs lived on land owned by a lord Lords would offer protection in exchange for labor Living on the manor was challenging and oppressive Czar Alexander II (1855-81) Known as a reform-minded czar Zemstvos- local councils Emancipation Edict in 1861 liberated 23 million serfs Assassinated in 1881 because he was moving too slowly

Czarist Repression Alexander III (1881-94), then Nicholas II (1894-1917) Overturned liberal reforms Used extreme censorship, control of religion, spies, and imprisonment/exile Pogroms- Jewish villages destroyed, people murdered While this happens, czars are blinded to important changes and problems

Industrialization Became steel leader in 19th century Trans-Siberian-Railroad Leads to labor problems- conditions, wages, etc. Workers not allowed unionize Rise of Marxist thinking- Proletariat Marxists split- into Mensheviks (moderate majority) and Bolsheviks (radical minority)

Crises at Home and Abroad (1904-1917) Russo-Japanese War (1904-5) Losing battle for Korea and Manchuria Bloody Sunday (1906) Workers marched to Winter Palace Russian troops kill over 1,000 October Revolutions Nicholas II- October Manifesto Creation of Duma- elected Parliament, limited power World War I Disaster of a war, 4 million casualties Role of Rasputin put country over edge