Congress: The Legislative Branch

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Presentation transcript:

Congress: The Legislative Branch Chapter 10

Back to Chapter 1 for a sec… What kind of democracy do we live in? So the people rule, but they don’t make public policy Who does make it? Congress

Bicameral Congress Our Congress is bicameral, meaning it has two houses The larger house, which is supposedly the “common man’s house,” is the House of Representatives The smaller house, which is for “the elite” of America is the Senate

Basic Information Since you get new congress members every 2 years, we call each 2 year period a “term” of Congress The terms are numbered consecutively… the one that ended Dec. 2012 was the 113th Congress The one that started in 2013 is called the 114th Congress

Basic Information A session of Congress is all the time it takes to finish their business for the year So how many sessions are there in a term of Congress? Two!

The House of Representatives House of Reps.

Members of the House of Representatives There are 435 house members Representatives are elected to a term of 2 years There is no limit on how many terms a Representative may serve. Each state is guaranteed at least one seat.

The House of Representatives

Seats in the House Seats are apportioned (given out) to each state based on population Every 10 years seats are reapportioned after the census, when a new count of the population is taken Ever since 1929, the number has been 435 (Reapportionment Act)

Seats in the House Every state divides itself into districts based on the number of seats apportioned to the state For example, Arizona is given 9 seats based on our population

Gerrymandering Gerrymandering - drawing districts to the advantage of the political party that controls the State’s legislature Gerrymandering is widespread today

The Senate The Senate

Members of the Senate There are 100 Senators (2 from each state) Senators are elected to a term of 6 years There is no limit on how many terms a Senator may serve. Senators represent an entire state

The Senate

Seats in the Senate The Constitution establishes that there are 2 seats per state in the Senate 50 States = 100 Senators

What Does it Take to be in the House? 25 years old U.S. citizen for at least 7 years Must live in the state you are elected in Rep. Kyrsten Sinema (D-AZ 9th District)

What Does it Take to be in the Senate? 30 Years Old U.S. Citizen for 9 Years Must live in the state you are elected in Sen. John McCain (R-AZ) Sen. Jeff Flake (R-AZ)

Off-Year Elections In the election years where there is no presidential election (2006, 2010, 2014?), the president’s party usually loses seats in Congress In 2010 Democrats lost 62 seats in the House and 5 in the Senate

Comparing the House and the Senate Senators have a much longer term Entire House is elected at once, while only 1/3 of Senate is chosen at a time House members appeal to one small district, Senators appeal to entire state

Demographics of Congress Congress is not at all demographically representative of the U.S. population For example…

Demographics of 112th Congress U.S. Males – 49% Females – 51% Congress Males – 83% Females – 17%

Demographics of 112th Congress White – 85% Black – 8% Hispanic – 5% Asian – 2% Native – 0% U.S. White – 75% Black – 12% Hispanic – 13% Asian – 4% Native – 1% *Many people qualify as more than 1 race

Demographics of 112th Congress U.S. Millionaires – 0.7% Non-Millionaires – 99.3% Congress Millionaires – 33% Non-Millionaires – 67%

111th/112th Congress 09-11/11-13 House Senate Democrats 255/192 56/51 Independents 2/2 Republicans 179/240 42/47 Vacancies 1/3

Why is Congress made up of rich, white men? A few reasons: A large proportion of the people that run for political office are rich, white men It is easier to win if you have a lot of money We the people elect these rich, white men into office

What are the Perks? Senatorial and Representative salary: $174,000

Other Benefits Franking Privilege - allows congress members to mail letters and other materials postage free. Full medical coverage at low cost Budgets to hire staff Special federal income tax deductions