Sausages and Cured Foods Chapter 26 Sausages and Cured Foods

Chapter Objectives 1. Prepare simple dry-cured and brine-cured foods. 2. Prepare simple smoked foods. 3. Prepare fresh, cured, and smoked sausages.

Sausages have been popular since ancient times First made to utilize and preserve trimmings and less desirable cuts of meat The term “charcutier” means one who prepares and sells pork products

Curing and Smoking Ingredients for curing foods: Salt - as a preservative Nitrites and nitrates - used to prevent botulism infection Sugars - modify the flavor Herbs, spices, and other flavors

Curing Methods Dry cures - cure ingredients are packed or rubbed over the food to coat completely Brines - a solution of salt and other curing ingredients in water; food is submerged in, or injected with brine

Smoking Smoking is a way of drying and preserving foods since prehistoric times First rule of smoking: DO NOT smoke meats, poultry, or seafood that has not been cured

Two Types of Smoking Cold smoking Hot smoking Temperature kept at or below 85° F (30° C) Food will absorb the flavor but not cook Hot smoking Temperature up to 165° F (74° C) for sausage and meat Temperature up to 200° F (93° C) for fish and poultry Food takes on flavors and cooks

Typical Smoker Consists of the Following Items An enclosed chamber A source of smoke A means of circulating smoke A way of controlling heat

Types of Wood Used Hickory is the most popular Other woods: oak, mesquite, and fruitwoods; all types Pine and pressure treated wood should NEVER be used

Sausages A mixture of ground meat, usually pork, and seasonings stuffed in a casing There are hundreds of types of sausages

Categories of Sausages Three classifications Fresh sausages - according to the USDA is one that contains no nitrates or nitrites Cured sausages - ones that contain nitrates or nitrites of sodium Smoked sausages - may be cold or hot smoked

Basic Sausage Ingredients Lean pork Pork fat, preferably hard fatback, ground with meat Salt Spices, herbs, and other flavorings

Basic Sausage Ingredients (cont’d) The meat: Pork, beef, veal, lamb, chicken, turkey, duck, liver, rabbit, or venison The fat: Makes up to 25% to 50% of the total weight

Seasonings Allspice Caraway seeds Cayenne or hot red pepper Cinnamon Cloves Coriander Cumin Fennel seed Ginger Mace Marjoram Mustard Nutmeg Paprika Parsley Pepper Sage Tarragon Thyme

Other Important Ingredients Garlic Onion Shallots Chives Wine Vinegar Eggs Spice mixes: Quatre épices (4 spices)

Casings Natural casings are made from the intestines of animals; can be packed in salt as a preservative Collagen casings are molded from animal products Synthetic casings are made from plastic and are not edible

Equipment Other than a meat grinder, nothing is needed A grinder is used to produce the texture that is desired

The Grind Basic grind Emulsified grind The grind will determine the texture of the sausage.

Smoking Sausages Only cured sausages should be smoked Sausages should be dried briefly before smoking Hot or cold smoking methods should be used, depending on recipe

Cooking Sausages Popular as stand alone menu items Most are considered ready to cook If the sausage has to be cooked, it should be thoroughly cooked

Basic Cooking Methods Simmering Sautéing and pan-frying Braising Broiling and grilling

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