Lectured by: Miss yanna queencer telaumbanua, m.pd. Reading skill Lectured by: Miss yanna queencer telaumbanua, m.pd.

f. Active, Receptive and Throw-away Vocabulary Three categories of known words: Knowing well enough words and using them  active Recognizing, more or less understand but are not yet sifficiently sure of to use (responding them but never use and may not completely understand)  receptive Ignoring what is not important for their immediate purpose  throw-away

Continued... Active vocabulary: words we know well enough to use ourselves. Receptive vocabulary: words we understand approximately when we meet them, but can’t use. Receptive vocabulary can be active vocabulary if exposure to the language is found continuously. Throw-away vocabulary: not all words we meet are worth learning, it depends on the context.

Continued... So, don’t spend much time to have a great deal of attention to every detail of a text, except for intensive reading but not need to master so completely.

g. learning to ignore difficult words Ability to decide what s/he can safely ignore. Skilled reader Practice d under teacher’s guidance Wrong Dangerous

Continued... Before reading While reading After reading 3 questions Before ignoring words While reading After reading

Continued... Questions Why? Answerable Unanswerable A Very Skilled one Competent reader

Continued... Helping the students to recognize what they do not understand 3 strategies Helping the students to locate the sources of difficulty Giving them strategies for coping with the difficulty when they have found it

Continued... No key or hard and fast rules which words to be ignored Practice in identifying the sources of difficulty Make the students aware that this approach is necessary Judge whether a word is worth attending to or not No key or hard and fast rules which words to be ignored

Try to complete texts without looking up any words Continued... Some suggestions Possible to get gist in incomplete texts without understanding every word Try to complete texts without looking up any words Identify the words they really must look up containing new words + simple questions Allow them to look up the new words to assurre the well enough understanding to answer questions

h. what makes words difficult? Idioms Transfer of meaning Words with several meaning Irony Subtechnical vocabulary Synonyms and antonyms Superordinates

Assure the students have noticed and understood the idioms in the text Continued... Idioms Idiom is a lexical meaning consisting of several words, with a meaning that cannot be deduced from the meaning of the individual words. For example: He was beside himself. I can’t go through with it. They solved it once and for all. Assure the students have noticed and understood the idioms in the text

Continued... beside oneself (with something) Fig. in an extreme state of some emotion. I was beside myself with joy.  Sarah could not speak. She was beside herself with anger. If you are beside yourself with a particular feeling or emotion, it is so strong that it makes you almost out of control:He was beside himself with grief when she died.

Continued... Transfer of meaning Metaphor, metonimy and similar kinds of transferred meaning are always potential problems. Metaphor always involves an implicit comparison between A and B To know it is metaphor by analyzing what A and B have in common that is relevant to the context. For example: galloping inflation: comparison between galloping and a horse

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Continued... Some approaches to do Identify the two terms of the comparison, A and B Identify the characteristics of A and B that are relevant Check that your interpretation makes sense in the context

Words with several meaning Continued... Any word has more than one meaning. Dangerous misunderstanding when the words used in specialized senses by the writer in specialized fields. Some things can be done for this: Alert the students to the occurence of unexpected meanings Train them to use common sense in deciding whether to accept a familiar meaning/ to check whether another is possible.

Continued... 3. Supply sentences which words are used with unfamiliar meanings. 4. Ask them to select the appropriate one from several defintions 5. Study a technical text 6. List all the words used in ways that differ from the usual ones. 7. Use dictionary to select the meanings to context.

Subtechnical vocabulary Continued... Subtechnical vocabulary This is about ESP. It is difficult with the specialized technical jargon and in specialized disciplines. Some trouble words: Average Approximate Effect Combination Determine Problem in conceptual than linguistics

Continued... Superordinates Superordinates are words of more general meaning viewed in relation to other words of more specific meaning which could also be referred to by the more general term. For example: Superordinate: building Hyponyms: house, school, factory, cinema, hotel

Synonyms and antonyms Continued... Synonym Antonym

Continued... Irony

continued... Irony

i. Using a dictionary

For your attention... Any thing to be discussed?

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