Thinking Slide… List some ways that people can make changes for society… 1. Protest (Boycott) 2. Give speeches or hold rallies 3. Vote
Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow Laws -were state and local laws that established and enforced segregation. Who was Jim Crow? Jim Crow was not a person. It was the name of a popular song of the 19th century that was derogatory toward African Americans. Can you give examples of what was segregated?
At the bus station, Durham, North Carolina, 1940.
Greyhound bus terminal, Memphis, Tennessee. 1943.
A rest stop for bus passengers on the way from Louisville, Kentucky to Nashville, Tennessee, with separate entrance for Blacks. 1943.
A sign at bus station, Rome, Georgia. 1943.
A highway sign advertising tourist cabins for Blacks, South Carolina
Cafe, Durham, North Carolina. 1939.
Drinking fountain on the courthouse lawn, Halifax, North Carolina. 1938.
Movie theater’s "Colored" entrance, Belzoni, Mississippi. 1939.
The Rex theater for colored people, Leland, Mississippi. June 1937.
Restaurant, Lancaster, Ohio. 1938.
Water cooler in the street car terminal, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 1939.
Sign above movie theater, Waco, Texas. 1939.
Beale Street, Memphis, Tennessee. 1939.
2 types of segregation: De jure segregation De facto segregation Segregation imposed by law Plessy v Ferguson: 1896 Supreme Cout case that ruled that segregation was legal as long as facilities were equal. (obviously they weren’t) Segregation by unwritten custom or tradition Examples: African Americans denied housing in many neighborhoods, discrimination in employment, only getting low paying jobs
What are the benefits of non-violent protests What are the benefits of non-violent protests? What are the negatives of non-violent protests?
1940s Civil Rights… New Organizations tried to bring racial justice: Congress of Racial Equality – Goal to end discrimination policies and improve race relations Adopted a non violent approach – (inspired by Ghandi) One break in discrimination came in 1947 when Jackie Robinson became the 1st African American to play major league baseball (Brooklyn Dodgers)
NAACP turns to litigation By the end of WWII, The NAACP became the largest and most powerful political civil rights organization in the nation. Brown v Board of Education – Supreme Court case that ended segregation in public schools All 9 Supreme Court Judges voted in favor of Brown
Little Rock Nine – The first African American students to be integrated into public schools in the state of Arkansas (Central High School)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xERXusiEszs
Dec. 1 1955- Dec. 20 1956 Rosa Parks – African American seamstress refuses to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Al. public bus. Her courageous effort sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott (African-Americans boycotting the buses for 1year and 19 days)
Leading the Montgomery Bus Boycott… Martin Luther King Jr. – 26 y/o Baptist Minister that led the Montgomery Bus Boycott.