Evidence for Evolution.

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Presentation transcript:

Evidence for Evolution

The Fossil Record

Why is the giraffe's neck so long?

Adaptation The evolution of a structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to stimuli and better survive in an environment. A trait that gives an organism an advantage in the struggle for survival. Adaptation in species develop over many generations and can be physiological or structural.

Can a human tell the difference between three types of candies? Mimicry Lab Can a human tell the difference between three types of candies? Milk chocolate M&M – mmmmmmmm yummy good! Skittles – tasty but will make you sick every time Dark chocolate M&M – you DIE!!

Organisms have ___2___ of many traits and sometimes the environment can ___1___one ___2___over another. Other times a __1__can occur and a ___2___will appear that gives an organism ___3___in the environment. Those with the ___1__have a __1___and often live long and___2___. These organisms have a high level of ___3___ in the environment in which they live. As these organisms continue to______1____, passing on the __1___for the__2___, the frequency of those___3___ increases so that over time the species will__2___. This process is known as_____3____. A species ___3__ to its environment can take___1___. This is known as___1___. __3___evolve___2___ adapt. 1 Evolution favored trait genetic mutation alleles favor reproduce survival advantage thousands or millions of years 2 natural variation change variation favored trait produce more offspring new trait organisms 3 Species an advantage natural selection fitness alleles adapting

Types of Natural Selection Types of selection

What type of selection did our bunnies have?

The Origin of Species

Speciation can occur… Punctuated Equilibrium Gradualism

NO YES Can They Reproduce? Western Meadowlark Eastern Meadowlark The biological species concept is based on inter-fertility, rather than physical similarity. YES

SPECIATION How are they isolated? A species is defined as being reproductively isolated from other species. How are they isolated? A reproductive barrior is anything that provides a barrier to natural reproduction – can either be in the actual processes of mating or in habitat

Geographic Speciation Geographic barriers can start the process of speciation

Allopatric Speciation Ammospermophilus leucurus Ammospermophilus harisi Geographic separation of populations restricts mating. Each group is exposed to different environmental pressures and adapts accordingly until the two can no longer reproduce with each other and two species arise

populations living next to each other become distinct species. Parapatric Speciation populations living next to each other become distinct species. Two species of garter snakes live in the same area but because one lives mainly in water and the other is primarily terrestrial they rarely encounter each other.

Sympatric Speciation Gamete Isolation – The gametes do not form a zygote Chromosomal changes due to mutations More common in plants

The Mechanics – attempts to reproduce may be made but because anatomy is incompatible reproduction can’t occur

Temporal Isolation Western Spotted skunk & Eastern Share a habitat but mate at different times of the year Western = summer Eastern = winter

Courtship What lights your fire? Many species have elaborate rituals for attracting a mate – what works for one species doesn’t necessarily work for others

Types of natural selection can lead to speciation Types of speciation can lead to different kinds of Evolution

Divergent Evolution Species that were once similar to an ancestral species become increasingly distinct adapting to different environmental conditions

Convergent Evolution Unrelated species occupy similar environments in different parts of the world. Develop similar characteristics due to similar environmental pressures.

MASS EXTINCTION It’s all over!!