Settling the Northern Colonies APUSH Chapter 3 Settling the Northern Colonies

Pilgrims (1620) Separatists—believed in “visible saints” should only be allowed church membership. They rejected that idea that membership in the Church of England included everyone. These Puritans sought to “separate” from the existing church. These groups fled England and went to many areas across Europe. One group went to Holland only to experience the same church corruption. As a result, they sought to join the Virginia colony. The “Pilgrims” landed off course and settled at Plymouth Bay. Led by William Bradford (see page 43) they squatted on Indian land. As a result, they created the Mayflower Compact (significant to later Constitutions), which was an agreement toward self government and law. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/mayflower.asp 1621 first Thanksgiving—celebrate harvest and staying alive. Always limited in population (7,000 by 1691), it merged with MBC.

Puritans Foundations (1630) Came to New England in family groups. They wanted to escape political repression, religious restrictions, and an economic recession. (Great Migration) Leader=John Winthrop They lived in small villages surrounded by farmland. The typical Puritan community was characterized by a close relationship between church and state. The Puritan believed in the necessity for a trained and educated ministry. To read the Bible, one must know how to read—Harvard and Yale founded to train ministers.

“City Upon A Hill” https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/winthrop.html Main Points Puritans would build a model, holy community Model of strict morals (banned theater) The entire world would be watching—lead by example—very rigid, close-knit, homogeneous society

Theocracy and Society Adult males who belonged to the congregation could vote (visible saints), which excluded non-church men, and no women. One had to experience “conversion” to enter the church. These experiences were often very public. If you were a property owner+church member, you could participate in town meeting, which was a good example of direct democracy. This was open debate and open decision making by citizens. Note that this is not very democratic. Govt only existed to support God’s laws

Limits on Theocracy Congregation could hire and fire its ministers Set salary Could not hold political office Society was to prove their worth to God daily or be damned—Calvinism. The Puritan Ethic was their guide--

Dissention in MBC Roger Williams Salem minister who challenged the civil govt to regulate religious beliefs Condemned Puritan law for taking land from Indians 1635 banned where he built a Baptist church, est. religious freedom for everyone Granted a charter in 1644 2. Anne Hutchinson Antinomianism—religious doctrine Challenged the gender roles of Puritans Banished in 1638 to Rhode Island 3. Thomas Hooker Settled Hartford in 1635 and in 1639 drafted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. The FOC was the first written Constitution in America.

Puritans and Indians Soon after European arrival a disease killed ¾ of the Native population Local Wampanoag Indians friendly at first As Englishmen moved inland, war erupted in the Pequot War. Puritans attempted to convert Indians=praying towns Indians unification—Metacom (Massasoit’s son), also known as King Phillip built an alliance with other tribes and attack English settlements. This war, known as King Philip’s War ended in defeat for Indians and long-term ended an other major Indian threats to New England. Indian numbers were reduced and their motivation to fight lessened.

New England Unity New England Confederation (1643)=first colonial union that consisted of Bay Colony, Plymouth, New Haven, and smaller Connecticut villages. Page 48 Charles II Restoration—when the monarch was restored, Charles II wanted to limit the independence of MBC, so he gave charter to Connecticut and Rhode Island, and in 1684 created the Dominion of New England—page 49 See mercantilism notes in separate PowerPoint.

Colonial Chart Partner with someone and work on a Colonia Chart that includes the following: Colony Founded by Founded as (type of colony) Summary of Foundation Significance of Foundation

Comparison Chart: North, Middle, Southern Colonies With a partner, create a chart: Political—type of colonial government, how democratic? Social/cultural—religion, family, education, role women Economic—what they did for $$