Isomerism ,Stereoisomerism &Chirality

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Chemistry 2100 Lecture 8. Enantiomers Enantiomers: Enantiomers: Nonsuperposable mirror images. –As an example of a molecule that exists as a pair of.

Advertisements

5. STEREOISOMERISM. (approx. lecture time: 5 hr) Topics covered: Left and Right hands are not the same (not superimposable) There are also “Left”

Prepared by KH. Sadique Faisal ASST.LECTURER DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY, NUB.

Organic Chemistry Stereochemistry. Isomers compounds with the same molecular formula but not identical structures.

The study of the three dimensional structure of molecules.

Definitions o Stereochemistry refers to the 3-dimensional properties and reactions of molecules. o It has its own language and terms that need to be learned.

William H. Brown Christopher S. Foote Brent L. Iverson

Chapter 6 Stereochemistry.

Optical Isomerism  Optical isomers rotate plane polarised light in opposite directions: one rotates light clockwise and the other anticlockwise.  A mixture.

Why Stereochemistry? Stereo isomers Optical Activity – Optical Isomers Optical Rotation Chirality-Chiral atom-Chiral molecules Enantiomers Specifying.

Isomers Larry J Scheffler Lincoln High School IB Chemistry

1 Stereoisomers Review: –Structural Isomers: Compounds that have the same molecular formula, but differ in the structural arrangement of atoms. Examples:

3 3-1 Organic Chemistry William H. Brown & Christopher S. Foote.

Chapter 15: Chirality Chiral Stereoisomers Enantiomers R or S Enantiomers R or S Diastereomers D or L Diastereomers D or L.

Stereochemistry Stereoisomerism.

Chirality Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell and Farrell Chapter 15.

Chapter 4: Stereochemistry. Introduction To Stereochemistry Consider two of the compounds we produced while finding all the isomers of C 7 H 16 : 2-methylhexame.

Stereochemistry & Chiral Molecules. Isomerism Isomers are different compounds with the same molecular formula 1) Constitutional isomers: their atoms are.

1 Stereoisomerism Chapter 26 Hein * Best * Pattison * Arena Colleen Kelley Chemistry Department Pima Community College © John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Version.

Drug Action (D 8 ) Pages ) Definitions 2) Geometrical Isomerism 3) Chirality 4) Beta-lactam ring (Penicillin) 5) Heroin.

Chemistry 106 You need: Text & Lab Book (+ all lab safety stuff) Online Notes access:

Stereochemistry 1. Stereoisomerism 2. Chirality

We have already covered two kinds of isomerism: Constitutional Isomers (structural isomers) Stereoisomers.

Introduction to Organic Chemistry 2 ed William H. Brown

Lecture Nine : Stereochemistry

Stereochemistry Chiral Molecules

Chapter 5 Stereochemistry: Chiral Molecules 1.

Chemistry 2100 Chapter 15. Enantiomers Enantiomers: Enantiomers: Nonsuperposable mirror images. –As an example of a molecule that exists as a pair of.

Chapter 5 Stereochemistry: Chiral Molecules

1 ISOMERISM. 2 Contents Isomers-Definitions Geometrical isomers Nomenclature for Geometrical isomers Optical Isomerism Nomenclature For Optical Isomers.

PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LEC 2. QI: Arrange the following sets in order of decreasing priority -H, -C 2 H 5, -CH 3, -C(CH 3 ) 3, -CH(CH 3 ) 2.

William Brown Thomas Poon Chapter Six Chirality: The Handedness of Molecules.

Stereoisomerism AH Chemistry Unit 3(c). Occurs due to the restricted rotation of C=C double bonds... two forms… CIS and TRANS STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM STEREOISOMERISM.

Chiral Molecules Chapter 5.

Stereochemistry 240 Chem Chapter 5 1. Isomerism Isomers are different compounds that have the same molecular formula.

Stereochemistry at Tetrahedral Centers. Chapter 52 Isomerism: Constitutional Isomers and Stereoisomers – Stereoisomers are isomers with the same molecular.

Isomers Are different compounds with the same molecular formula

Structural, Geometric, Enantiomer

Stereochemistry of organic compounds

Stereochemistry Source:

Unit 4 organic chemistry

Organic Chemistry Lesson 5.

Chemical isomers.

Section 4: Hydrocarbon Isomers

Stereochemistry Chiral Molecules

Stereochemistry, Conformation, and Stereoselectivity

The 3-D Shape of Molecules

Isomers Molecules with same molecular formula but their respective atoms are arranged differently in space 1.

SAM GIRLSCOLLEGE, BHOPAL

Chapter 15 Chirality: The Handedness of Molecules

University of California,

Stereoisomerism and Chirality Unit 5.

Stereoisomerism and Chirality Unit 5.

Stereoisomerism.

Optical Isomers.

Chapter 5 Stereochemistry: Chiral Molecules

Isomers In this chapter, we concentrate on enantiomers and diastereomers.

Isomers Molecules with same molecular formula but their respective atoms are arranged differently in space 1.

Chapter 5 Stereochemistry: Chiral Molecules

Stereoisomerism and Chirality Unit 6.

240 Chem Stereochemistry Chapter 5.

TYPES OF ISOMERISM STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM

Chirality - the Handedness of Molecules

Chapter 15 Chirality: The Handedness of Molecules

Organic Chemistry Lesson 3.

Chapter 4: Stereochemistry

240 Chem Stereochemistry Chapter 5.

1.Structural 2.Stereo isomers - geometric - optical

240 Chem Stereochemistry Chapter 5.

Presentation transcript:

Isomerism ,Stereoisomerism &Chirality LECTURE ONE Isomerism ,Stereoisomerism &Chirality

Isomerism

Isomerism ,Stereoisomerism &Chirality. LECTURE ONE: عضوبة Isomerism ,Stereoisomerism &Chirality. The branch of chemistry that deals with the special arrangement of atoms in molecules and the effects of such arrangements on the chemical and physical properties of the molecules, especially where asymmetric centers of substitution lead to optical rotation. Stereoisomers: isomers that have the same formula and connectivity but differ in their position in space. They posses one or more stereocenters. Chiral: any molecule that is nonsuperposable with its mirror image. Chiral from Greek word cheir meaning hand.

Isomerism ,Stereoisomerism &Chirality

Isomerism ,Stereoisomerism &Chirality Optically Active: The ability of some substance to rotate plane polarized light, {rotates plane-polarized light to the right is called dextrorotatory (+), while to lift is called levorotatory (-)}. Enantiomers: stereoisomers that are nonsuperposal mirror images. Racemic mixture: its 1:1 (equimolar) mixture of two enantiomers.

Every object has a mirror image. Many objects are achiral Every object has a mirror image. Many objects are achiral. By this we mean that the object and its mirror image are identical, that is, the object and its mirror image are superposable. While chiral object is one that cannot be superposed on its mirror image. The Biochemical Importance of CHIRALITY: The human body is structurally chiral, with the heart lying to the left of center and the liver to the right. The Biochemical significance of Chirality: The origin of biochemical properties relating to chirality is often likened to the specificity of a chiral.

fig.(2): Enantiomers of Epinephrine to bind specific Enzyme .

The enzyme Epinephrine has three binding sites, one specific for A, another for B, and a third for Z . To form an E-S complex, * Only the D-enantiomer can bind to the surface with all three groups attached to the correct binding sites. The L-enantiomer can bind to a maximum of two sites. In this way the enzyme can distinguish between the two enantiomers . fig.(3): Enantiomers of Epinephrine to bind specific Enzyme .

Thalidomide is a racemic mixture Thalidomide is a racemic mixture. One enantiomer has the intended effect of curing morning sickness & the other enantiomer, may be the cause of the birth defects. Now Thalidomide strict regulations for treatment of some forms of cancer and a serious complication associated with leprosy. Its potential for use against other conditions including AIDS and rheumatoid arthritis.