FDR’s New Deal

New Deals Second New Deal (Spring 1935) First New Deal 3 R’s Expanded laws that extended government oversight of banks Increased taxes on the wealthy Funded new relief programs What was FDR’s appeal? http://www.history.com/top ics/new-deal First New Deal 3 R’s Relief Recovery Reform First New Deal was successful Except for Supreme Court problems with the AAA & NIRA

Emergency Relief Emergency Relief Act Did away with direct payments to Americans *Shift from First New Deal Work Relief

Works Progress Administration WPA (1935) *Largest peacetime jobs program in history A total of 8.5 million workers worked on projects costing $11 billion Roads, schools, museums, writers, composers, actors At its peak, it employed 3.4 million (1/4 of unemployed) Lifted people’s spirits because no government handout

Social Security Townsend original idea of pension for elderly Social Security Act (1935) Pension of regular payments to people 65+ Included government insurance for unemployed Problem today??

Organized Labor NIRA: guaranteed workers rights to form unions & bargain collectively Weakened by Schechter – executive branch can’t make laws; violates separation of power Wagner Act (NLRA) stronger than NIRA Outlawed anti-labor practices Established the National Labor Relations Board Increased union membership

CIO Congress of Industrial Organization New union dedicated to industrial workers Leader John Lewis broke away from AFL to form CIO Successful in GM strike *Sit-down strike vs. traditional strike

Election of 1936 FDR essentially ignored Republican candidate Alf Landon because New Deal was so successful FDR won a tremendous victory *African Americans voted Democratic Significance?

Court-packing Frustrated that the Supreme Court struck down some New Deal plans, FDR introduced a plan to change the Supreme Court Plan gave president power to appoint new judges & expand it with 6 new justices People saw this as an attempt to “pack the court” Dangerous balance of power This goes against which Enlightened philosopher?

Results of the New Deal Economy Steady growth from 1933 – 1937 New Deal programs were successful Slight problem in 1937 but recovered by 1938 because FDR used John Maynard Keynes’ theory that deficit spending could provide jobs & stimulate the economy

Minorities & the New Deal Women Frances Perkins: first female cabinet member African Americans Increased role in federal government A. Philip Randolph organized the 1st all-black trade union *Helped get FDR elected Mexican-Americans Supported New Deal although received fewer benefits than African Americans Settled mainly in the Southwest Native Americans Moved away from assimilation/ Americanization & toward autonomy

Popular Culture in the 1930s Movies Way to escape problems Disney’s Snow White & the 7 Dwarfs = first full-length animated feature Gone With the Wind Wizard of Oz: first color film Symbolic of which political party? That helped which group of people? Radio Extremely popular Jazz & Swing War of the Worlds Sports Babe Ruth, Joe DiMaggio, Lou Gehrig Boxing was big

Short Answer Response In your opinion, which action taken by FDR created the biggest impact and why?