WP2200 Identifiers and Citability Topic: Access WP2200 Identifiers and Citability Maurizio Lunghi, lunghi@rinascimento-digitale.it Fondazione Rinascimento Digitale APARSEN Second Review Meeting Luxembourg, 25–26 March 2013

APARSEN topic: Access - Persistent Identifiers The meaning of Persistent Identifiers (PI) in digital preservation is fundamental not only for stable identification/access and citation of digital contents, but also for trust and other significant properties. PI are instrumental for APARSEN to set up some services in line with expectations of VCoE potential users. Very fragmented situation with different technologies and isolated user domains and communities It’s not reasonable to have a unique PI system PI for actors are emerging …. 2

WP22: Identifiers & Citation – what’s wrong? http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:frd-6204 http://dx.doi.org/10.7207/op12-01  http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-10-6154-7 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-7285 http://www.isni.org/ISNI:0000000121014127 ISO 2108:2005 International Standard Book Number (ISBN) ISO 3297:2007 International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) ISO 3901:2001 International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) ISO 10957:2009 International Standard Music Number (ISMN) ISO 15706-1:2002 International Standard Audiovisual Number (ISAN) Part 1 work identifier ISO 15706-2:2007 International Standard Audiovisual Number (ISAN) Part 2: version identifier ISO 15707:2001 International Standard Musical Work Code (ISWC) ISO 21047:2009 International Standard Text Code (ISTC) ISO 26324:2012 Digital object identifier system35 (DOI) ISO 27729:2012 International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) ISO 27730:2012 International Standard Collection Identifier (ISCI) 3

Persistent Identifiers what’s that ?? PI are not only a number, it’s a service based on a contract between user community or content holders and service-providers responsible for the implementation and maintenance of the PI-service. In addition to access for a resource we need to check other significant properties: stable identification (PI) … multiple too authenticity + integrity provenance + author owner + rights + relations with other resources & with actors

Persistent Identifiers systems PI technologies help make stable reference to digital resources, even if it is well-known that persistency is not only a technical issue, no technology can exist indefinitely or guarantee services without a trusted organization behind and a clearly defined policy. PI systems are meant as: a) available technology b) trusted organization c) precise policies for digital preservation

WP22: Identifiers and Citation - Objectives GOAL: to defragment EU initiatives on PI GOAL: not new technology but a way to cooperate and use data from PI domains isolated, a common format to expose data and to develop interoperability and services tailored on user requirements GOAL: community building and experts involvement, engagement of relevant projects in the domain (PI user scenarios + usergroup + workshop + Webinar) 6

WP22: Identifiers and Citation 2011 2012 2013 2014 7

WP22  Activity 2011 User requirements analysis and survey of current practices with PI systems (questionnaire > 100 cultural and scientific user communities) User scenarios description and expectations in terms of services (12 scenarios) First proposal of the Interoperability Framework (IF) model and ontology 8

User Requirements and User Scenarios TRUST + CERTIFICATION + CROSS-DOMAINS Scenarios on Citability and Metrics services Scenarios on Global Resolution Services Scenarios on Digital Object Certification WHO WHAT WHY WHERE WHEN HOW ISSUES USE CASES 9

WP22  Activity 2012 Validation of the IF model through a user group with 30 experts on PI [March-October 2012] Definition and set up of a demonstrator with data from different PI domains and for objects, people [November-December 2012] Refinement of the IF model and ontology, new proposal (FRBRoo) presented at the workshop in Florence on 13 Dec 10

Interoperability Framework (IF): assumptions MAIN ASSUMPTIONS: In the IF we consider only entities identified by at least one PI Only PI Domains (PIDs) that meet some criteria are eligible to be considered in the IF: trusted PI systems We delegate the responsibility to define relations among resources and actors to the trusted PIDs We don’t address digital preservation policy but delegate that to the trusted PI domains 11

WP22: Trusted PI systems: criteria Having at least one Registration Agency. Having one Resolver accessible on the Internet. Uniqueness of the assigned PIs within the PI domain. Guaranteeing the persistence of the assigned PIs. User communities of the PID should implement policies for digital preservation (e.g. trusted digital repositories) Reliable resolution. Uncoupling the PIs from the resolver. Managing the relations between the PIs within the domain. 12

Interoperability Framework (IF): main concepts Criteria – entities – properties - relations Definition: A Digital Object is any kind of digital resource, which is identified by at least one PI assigned by a trusted PID. Relationships: Is identified by at least one digital object PI (<hasPI_do>) Is created by an Author (<created_by>); Is related to other digital objects (<related_to>); Is associated to Policies (<associated_to>); Can be described by metadata (<has_metadata>); Digital Object Persistent Identifier (PI) Other PI Resolver Author (PI) Institution (PI) Other Entities Metadata 13

Scenario 1: Registration Authorities and Persistent Identifiers Registration Authority Issues new identifiers to registered users/institutions Maintains registries of identifiers Persistent Identifier String used to uniquely identify a resource within a domain regardless of where the resource is located 14

Scenario 2: Persistent Identifiers, Actors and Works People (individually or in groups) performing intentional actions for which they can be held responsible Authors, Contributors … Institutions Definition of Roles 15

Scenario 3: Identifiers and Objects Physical or Digital (Type) Carrier of the Edition Actors Publisher (role) Participated in … Publication (Event) 16

Scenarios Integration 1 2 3 17

Use cases translation and service design Atomic Service Resolution services (use cases 1,2,9) Resolution counter Get Entity PI list Service Structure Composite Services Entity relationship service (use cases 4,10) Metadata Integration Service Selection and apprisal preservation service (use cases 5,8) Cluster Services Scientific Career assessment (use cases 4,7) Archival Curation service (use case 8,9) 18 18

Example of atomic services – PI-Alternative PI Input: PI Output: PIs list Description: The PI-alternative PIs service retrieve alternative PIs of a given PI exploiting the co-reference relations among PIs exposed in the Interoperability Framework presenting them with the same level of service. 19 19

Example of cluster service – Scientific carreer assessment Input: Author PI Output: list of publications (metadata + PI) filtered Description: This service retrieves all the objects associated to the author PI satisfying the search criteria from all PI domains and presents them in a common format with the same metadata schema. The final output is the list of publications of the author, which responds to the specified criteria. 20 20

WP22: Scientific Results and dissemination IPRES 2012 Maurizio Lunghi, Emanuele Bellini, Chiara Cirinnà, Barbara Bazzanella, Paolo Bouquet, David Giaretta and René van Horik - Interoperability Framework for Persistent Identifiers systems - iPRES2012 – Toronto http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:frd-9491 IEEE SITIS 2012 Bellini E., Luddi, C. ;  Cirinnà, C. ;  Lunghi, M. ;  Felicetti, A. ;  Bazzanella, B. ;  Bouquet, P. -  Interoperability Knowledge Base for Persistent Identifiers Interoperability Framework - Eighth International Conference on Signal Image Technology and Internet Based Systems (SITIS), 25-29 Nov. 2012 - Napoli http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:frd-9907 Workshop APARSEN Bellini, E. Luddi, C. ;  Cirinnà, C. ;  Lunghi, M. ;  Felicetti, A. ;  Bazzanella, B. ;  René van Horik . – Workshop on interoperability for Persistent Identifiers systems – 13 Dec 2012 - Florence www.rinascimento-digitale.it/workshopPI2012 Webinar  Bellini, E.;  Lunghi, M. -  Webinar on Interoperability for Persistent Identifiers systems – 15 Feb 2013 21

Workshop on interoperability for Persistent Identifiers systems WP22: Workshop APARSEN Workshop on interoperability for Persistent Identifiers systems 13 Dec 2012 - Florence www.rinascimento-digitale.it/workshopPI2012 EUDAT SARA EUROPEANA EPIC RDA SCAPE OPF PersID DATACITE DOI Foundation 22

WP22: Prototype Implementation DANS Schema Protocols Dublin Core DNB SRU IKB SPARQL Dublin Core S1 JLIS D2R PI SQL RDF OAI-PMH Dublin Core FRD S2 ORCID OAI-PMH CERN WEB MARCXML Interoperability Services DC-FRBR mapping MARCXML – FRBR mapping WEB CERN - Author proprietary 23 23

WP22: INTEROPERABILITY FRAMEWORK (IF) Contents from all PI domains now are accessible in the same way ISNI VIAF INTEROPERABILITY FRAMEWORK CERN ORCID New services cross-domains for users requirements FRD DNB DANS NBN Handle DOI ARK STM GLOBIT CERN

WP22  Action Plan 2013 - 2014 Validation of the new IF model and ontology through the HLEG with new experts [February-May 2013] Expansion of the demonstrator on a distributed environment with content providers on LOD [April-June 2013] Proposal of few services and development on a cross PI Domains (PIDs) basis [July-October 2013] Check user satisfaction on services and community building to implement and populate the IF [November-December 2013  Dec 2014] 25

INTEROPERABILITY FRAMEWORK (IF) Contents from all PI domains expose on LOD in the same way  Ring of Trust IF on LOD CERN New services cross-domains for users requirements DNB FRD DANS

WP22: Identifiers and Citation  VCoE Implications for common vision and VCoE – Promoting the use of a common terminology within stream 2 and other streams – GLOSSARY Common understanding with a wide user community of PI terms & functions and agreement on the Interoperability Framework elements – ONTOLOGY Implementation of the Interoperability Framework, initially on LOD and then on Semantic Web, populating it with real data and relations – RING of TRUST Development of some services tailored on user requirements cross PI-domains thanks to the common format – SERVICES 27

WP22: Identifiers and Citation - Deliverables D22.1 PI system framework (M12) http://nbn.depositolegale.it/urn:nbn:it:frd-6204 D22.2 Demonstrator set up and definition of added value services: Part 1 (M24) D22.3 Demonstrator set up and definition of added value services: Part 2 (M36) D22.4 The Interoperability Framework implementation with added value services (M48) 28

D22.1 Authors and Contributors Emanuele Bellini (FRD) Maurizio Lunghi (FRD)Chiara Cirinnà (FRD) Achille Felicetti (FRD), Cinzia Luddi (FRD) Barbara Bazzanella (UNITN), Paolo Bouquet (UNITN) Salvatore Mele (CERN), Hervé L'Hours (UESSEX), Yannis Tzitzikas (FORTH), Marjan Grootveld (DANS), Rene van Horik (DANS), Gerald Jaeschke (GLOBIT), Eefke Smit (STM), Sabine Schrimpf (DNB), Kirnn Kaur (BL), Heikki Helin (CSC), David Giaretta (APA) 29

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