Task Analysis

Task Analysis Breaking a complex behavior into its component parts Develop sequence of steps Determine terminal behavior/skill Develop a detailed description of each component behavior List in order Must perform task to make list Assess student’s entry behavior

Task Analysis Prepare Kool-Aid Brushing Teeth Get spoon Get Kool-Aid Get pitcher Get cup Put 2 scoops in pitcher Take pitcher to sink Fill pitcher to line Stir Kool-Aid Put spoon in sink Brushing Teeth Pick up toothpaste Unscrew cap Pick up toothbrush Squeeze paste on brush Place toothbrush bristles on teeth Makes brushing motions on teeth

Task Analysis Data Sheet (Insert task analysis data sheet here) Determine chaining procedure Establish initial cue to start chain List special instructions Fill in criteria

Task Analysis Data Sheet (Insert task analysis data sheet here) Prescribe training step Prescribe prompting level Determine trial type

Task Analysis Flow Chart (insert task analysis flow chart here)

Behavior Chains (Stimulus-Response Chains) A sequence of related behaviors, each of which provides the cue for the next, and the last of which produces a reinforcer Each step in a chain results in a change in the environment This change is a conditioned reinforcer for the behavior that preceded it This also becomes a discriminative stimulus for the next step in the chain

Development of Behavioral Chain Antecedent Behavior (Sd) (Response) “Make Kool- Get spoon Aid” Get Kool-Aid Spoon in hand Get pitcher Kool Aid in hand Put 2 scoops in Pitcher on table pitcher Dry mix in pitcher Put in water Water and mix in Stir Kool-Aid pitcher Consequence (Conditional Response) Spoon on table Kool-Aid on table Pitcher on table Kool-Aid in pitcher Water and mix in pitcher Kool-Aid ready

Develop your own Task Analysis “Can I have an Altoid?”

Chaining The instructional procedure of reinforcing individual responses for occurring in sequence to form a complex behavior Forward Chaining A chaining procedure that begins with the first element in the chain and progresses to the last element Backward Chaining A chaining procedure that begins with the last element in the chain and progresses to the first element

Prompting Prompt Fading An antecedent that induces a person to perform a behavior that otherwise does not occur Fading Gradually reducing the strength of a prompt

Prompting Hierarchies Most to least Manual guidance Light Physical