End of Civil war

The Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863 Abraham Lincoln delivered this famous speech on November 19, 1863, to a crowd gathered at the dedication of Soldier’s National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The speech contains only two hundred seventy-two words, but it is considered one of the greatest speeches in American history. The Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863 CICERO © 2010

Weapons of the Civil War canister shot artillery projectile rifled barrel officer’s sword Springfield rifle, 1861 (Union) Although the Union used many types of rifles, this was the most common. British Enfield rifle, 1853 (Confederacy) Although the Confederacy used many types of rifles, this was the most common. minié ball CICERO © 2010

War of Attrition Grant Orders commanders to wage total war. Begins 10 month non-stop attack on Lee. William T. Sherman burns Atlanta in 1864 and begins “March to the Sea” to Savannah before heading to South Carolina. 300-mile March to the Sea through Georgia and South Carolina. Sherman’s army covered about 10 miles a day, cutting a path of destruction 50 miles wide. Sherman’s troops burned buildings and infrastructures along the way, destroying many towns and cities. Sherman’s troops defeated the depleted Confederate army and took Savannah on December 22, 1864.

The Union’s Triumph Richmond, Virginia is captured and Lee, who is out of food, decides that it was senseless to continue On April 9, 1865, Lee Surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia With Lee's surrender of the main Confederate army, the Civil War soon ended. On April 18, Johnston surrendered to Sherman near Durham, North Carolina

Cost of the War 630,000 men died $20 billion Almost as many as in all the other wars the nation has fought from the Revolution through Vietnam combined. $20 billion More than 11 times the total amount spent by the federal government from 1789 to 1861. Southern wealth decline 43 percent Even without adding the market value of freed slaves, southern wealth declined 43 percent, transforming what had been the richest section of the nation on a white per capita basis into the poorest. Abraham Lincoln assassinated on April 14, 1865

Outcome of the war Union is perpetual Ends slavery

Assassination of Lincoln April 14, 1865 President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated at the end of the Civil War. He was killed on April 14, 1865, while attending a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., with his wife and two other people. Lincoln was watching Our American Cousin when John Wilkes Booth shot him in the back of the head. Booth was a loyal Confederate, and he thought the Confederacy could triumph if Lincoln were dead. Booth jumped off the balcony and broke his ankle, but managed to escape the theater. Lincoln died of his fatal wound the next morning. CICERO © 2010

The Trial and Execution of the Conspirators The conspirators in the assassination of President Lincoln were Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold, George Atzerdot, Michael O’Laughlen, Samuel Arnold, Edman Spangler, and Dr. Samuel Mudd. They were tried in a military tribunal court because the government deemed the nature of the case required the use of this court. A majority vote would result in a guilty verdict, while a two-thirds majority would result in a death sentence. All eight were found guilty. Surratt, Powell, Herold, and Atzerdot were sentenced to death by hanging. O’Laughlen died in prison. President Andrew Johnson pardoned Arnold, Spangler, and Mudd. CICERO © 2010

Legacy of the War The Civil War was the bloodiest war in American history. It has been referred to as “The War Between the States,” “The Brother’s War,” and the “War of Northern Aggression.” More than 600,000 Americans lost their lives, and countless others were wounded severely. The Civil War led to passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth , and Fifteen Amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments outlawed slavery, granted African Americans United States citizenship, and granted African-American males the right to vote. Although equal treatment under the law for African Americans would not be enforced until almost a hundred years later, the Civil War abolished slavery and established the supremacy of the federal government. CICERO © 2010