An Overview, or, What is Discovery and Delivery? Welcome to this presentation that aims to answer the question, what is Web-scale discovery and delivery. This presentation is about Web-scale discovery and delivery systems, in general, and more specifically about Primo as such a system. I’m Connie Braun, Manager of Training Services for Ex Libris in North America. Note that this presentation is copyrighted and is the confidential property of Ex Libris Ltd. You may share these training materials within your institution but not beyond.

Primo Overview Introduction How Primo works How Primo Central works How they work together Summary and resources Primo Overview Here you see the topics that I will be discussing during this presentation. We’ll start with an Introduction before going on to examine How Primo and Primo Central work both separately and together. Along the way, you’ll see some terminology and definitions that should begin to help your understanding of Primo. At the end, I’ll introduce some resources for further reading.

Introduction Primo is a Web-scale discovery and delivery product that… Indexes many resources in a variety of formats Encourages researchers to search for content in combinations of physical, electronic and digital collections Displays relevancy-ranked search results that often include links to online content Web-scale discovery and delivery services are used in many libraries, and have potential to revolutionize how libraries deliver service to patrons. Primo is a Web-scale discovery and delivery product. Web-scale discovery and delivery services may be used to search quickly and seamlessly across a vast range of local and remote content. Relevancy-ranking algorithms provide results in a more intuitive interface expected by both the researcher and the casual information seeker. Content of Web-scale discovery and delivery services include indexes for a huge number of resources in a variety of formats. A single search box encourages researchers to search for content in combinations of physical and electronic collections (including books, journals, music scores and recordings, photographs, and much more) as well as other resources. Search results are displayed similarly to Internet searches and include links to online content when appropriate. Why is this significant? Discovery and delivery makes perfect sense to students. They enjoy a seamless experience for finding information. The search interface is simple. They are able to start with a broad search before narrowing it by more specific subject or topic, author, date range, type of item and more. They view searching via discovery and delivery as an element of exploration along the way to finding what they are seeking.

Introduction Terminology Web-scale discovery services: Services capable of searching quickly and easily across local, remotely-held and indexed content, with relevancy-ranked results in a straightforward interface Discovery layer: Interface through which researchers enter terms or phrases in a single search box to locate, display and interact with information included in Web-scale discovery services Delivery: Part of the user interface that displays details about where and how to obtain the library’s physical, electronic and digital resources Central index: Collection of harvested and published metadata and full text that encompasses the content that is searchable by users Web-scale discovery and delivery remains new enough that the vocabulary is only just beginning to stabilize with common terminology and standardized definitions. Here are some key concepts that you’ll find useful in building your understanding of Primo. In any library environment, Web-scale discovery services easily connect researchers with the library’s vast information repository, whether physical holdings, such as books and DVDs; local digital image collections and institutional repository materials; or remotely-hosted electronic content containing full-text and abstracting and indexing resources that is purchased or licensed by the library. The discovery layer is not unknown to librarians, it’s just that today it searches so much more through a single search box. Think of it as an interface through which researchers enter terms in a single search box to locate, display and interact with locally-held physical resources, local digital collections or remotely-hosted electronic resources. Delivery is all about getting hold of the items found, whether they be physical, electronic or digital, through the discovery layer. This means that details of physical items, such as location and availability, are expedited. We know almost instantly where an item is expected to be on the shelf and whether or not it is available for borrowing. Access to electronic and digital resources is practically immediate, based on user or resource rights and restrictions, or both. The central index, then, comprises all of the content, that is, physical, electronic and digital resources, that is searchable by users. Both metadata and full text have been harvested and published to establish this content.

Terminology Terminology Data sources: Publishing platform: Scopes: Repositories where records representing physical, electronic and digital resources are stored Publishing platform: Consolidates the records for records from the various data sources by harvesting and normalizing them into a standard format Scopes: Segmentation of the central index into collections of records grouped by data source Facets: Groups of search results that allow researchers to filter or refine what they are seeing by creator, subject, language, resource type and more Relevance: Ranking-algorithm that organizes search results in a specific way FRBR: Entity-relationship model that relates different manifestations of the same work There are additional Primo terms of which you should be aware. A data source in Primo is a repository where your records that represent your physical, electronic and digital resources are stored. These records are most often found in your ILS, any digital repositories you have along with full-text and citations that link to your electronic resources. As Primo ingests, sorts and store records from various data sources, the publishing platform enables your library to consolidate the records for these resources. It does this by harvesting and normalizing these source records into a standard format. Scopes provide a logical way to group records for searching them by data source. Your Library database could be one scope, the Primo Central index of article and e-book citations could be another scope, and a third scope could search both. Facets are groups of search results. Facets allow the user to refine or filter their search results – they can filter by availability, the topic or subject, creator, creation date, resource type (in other words books, journals, videos), by language, and local collections. Relevance applies to search results. In other words, the more ‘relevant’ the search result is, the more important it will be to your user. For this reason, these entries in the search results should appear very close to the top. Our ranking algorithm is proprietary, and was developed with customers and refined with feedback from live sites. FRBR stands for functional requirements of bibliographic records, an entity relationship model developed by IFLA. In a nutshell, FRBR is a way to relate different manifestations or versions of the same work.

Introduction By the end of this presentation, you will be able to… Define Web-scale discovery and delivery Describe the features of Primo as a Web-scale discovery and delivery system Promote the benefits of implementing Primo at your institution The key objectives for this presentation are learning how to: Explain what Web-scale discovery and delivery are Identify how Primo’s features meet the definition of a Web-scale discovery and delivery system Build confidence about promoting the benefits of Primo to library staff, patrons and researchers at your institution

Primo Overview Introduction How Primo works How Primo Central works How they work together Summary and resources Primo Overview How does Primo work?

How Primo Works CENTRAL INDEX Library-Owned Physical Resources Open Access E-Resources CENTRAL INDEX data gathered from multiple sources, internal and external searches are performed via the discovery layer harvested and published metadata and full text access to mega-aggregate of external e-resources Web-scale discovery and delivery systems such as Primo contain a conglomeration of data gathered from different sources including the library’s physical resources, licensed and open access electronic resources as well as digital repositories. In this diagram, we can see the components of Primo. We begin with various data sources (CLICK). The publishing platform (CLICK) harvests and normalizes these records before publishing and storing them in the Primo database (CLICK) or Central Index. This happens behind the scenes on a regularly scheduled basis. Students, researchers and others at your institutions will be using the front end (CLICK) to search for (aka discover) and retrieve (aka deliver) results from Primo. The back office (CLICK) allows us to manage this entire process. Digital Repositories Licensed E-Resources system managed in a “back-office” with scheduled updates

How Primo Works Data Sources Printed and cataloged electronic resources in integrated library systems such as Aleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony and others Digital repositories such as DigiTool, CONTENTdm, DSpace, Fedora and others Licensed and open-access electronic resources such as online databases, articles and e-books in Primo Central, EBSCO via API and others Data Sources Where does a library patron or researcher obtain information? Does each individual search in multiple places including the OPAC, subscription databases, digital repositories, to see what the library owns? Or do these individuals simply search in Google? As you know, many Google searches return many millions of results. While that is fine, in and of itself, it is rare in the extreme for these results to focus on your institution’s carefully developed collections. This is where Primo comes in. Primo is a tool used to find and gather together all of the information from the various data sources available in your institution within a single interface.

How Primo Works Publishing Platform Extract Normalization Harvesting Data Source 1 Data Source 2 Extract Harvesting Normalization Enrichment Persistence Primo Database Data Source 3 Publishing Platform Data Source 4 The publishing platform allows consolidation of: print collections digital repositories electronic resources Publishing data to Primo starts with an extract of data from your external source systems. Once the extract of data has been transformed to XML format, it goes through various stages before it is loaded to the Primo Database. As you can see, these stages are: harvesting normalization enrichment persistence Data Source 4 11 11 11

How Primo Works Discovery Through one search box, researchers enter terms and discover results that include library’s books and print journals, electronic resources, many other materials. In this example, where I have performed a search for the terms, digital technology, we’re able to see books and an article from the library’s collections as well as online access to an electronic journal. Note that the library also has physical copies of this journal. In Primo, the results start with everything that the library has to offer by way of resources. From there, [CLICK] researchers may filter in many different ways to view only peer-reviewed content, [CLICK] full-text online, [CLICK] items available in the library, and a [CLICK] host of other possible facets including material type, subject, author, creation date, library, collection, language, journal title and LC classification area.

How Primo Works Delivery Primo facilitates delivery of a physical item from within the library and also provides immediate access to electronic resources and digital content, based on user or resource rights and restrictions, or both. In this example, where I have performed a search for the terms, food insecurity, we see delivery options for, first, [CLICK] physical titles available in the library including whether or not the item is available and, second, [CLICK] electronic titles available for viewing online. Note that delivery of physical items means that its availability is identified giving the researcher valuable information about that particular title.

So, This is Ex Libris Primo! One search across all resources Fast response time Results are relevancy-ranked Tools available for refining and using results User accounts for saving results and more Access to full text via direct-linking and OpenURL Includes the Primo Central Index So, this is Ex Libris Primo. When searching in Primo, researchers may opt to search all resources for information. This is the seamless part; they don’t need to search one place for the library’s physical resources, another for electronic resources and yet another for digital objects. Using a discovery layer means that searches are performed effectively and well, speedily bringing back results. These results are ranked by relevancy so that the most important items are found at the top of the results. Items deemed to be less important or peripheral will be found further down. Search results may be sorted differently should the researcher prefer another view. Primo offers facets to help researchers refine the results they are viewing. When an initial search brings back thousands of items, it is very useful to be able to click on a subject, language, or material type facet to reduce the list to a more manageable inventory for review. Applying a date range is a fabulous way to narrow down results. At any time, a user may log in to save results to store search results in a personal e-shelf, view the details of active loans or re-run a saved query. Other tools include changing how items are sorted so that other views of the results are available, showing only those physical items that are available in the library, seeing only those items that are available in full text online. Within Primo, the full text online indicator means that full text of articles and ebooks is available via direct-linking and OpenURL functionalities. Hundreds of data sources and hundreds of million records are included via the Primo Central Index. Your scope of Primo Central is defined through a registration system. Within this scope, your holdings are defined by your link resolver’s holdings file. More on Primo Central in the next section.

Primo Overview Introduction How Primo works How Primo Central works How they work together Summary and resources Primo Overview As noted in the previous slide, Primo includes Primo Central. How does Primo Central work?

How Primo Central Works Journals Articles E-Resource Citations E-Books Reviews Legal Documents Technical Reports Primo Central is a database or index of hundreds of millions of e-resource citations. Primo Central includes citations for [CLICK] journals, articles, e-books, reviews, [CLICK] legal documents and technical reports, [CLICK] conference proceedings, research datasets, text resources and much more. Primo Central has great coverage with material provided by many different sources. These sources include primary and secondary publishers and aggregators, as well as open-access repositories. Primo Central offers these citations via the Cloud – in other words, your Primo software will access these citations remotely. Your subscription to Primo Central enables you to access the full-text of content for resources to which you are subscribed via the Alma UResolver, SFX, EBSCO via API along with others. Text Resources Research Datasets Conference Proceedings

How Primo Central Works New Collections Monthly Hotswap Update Existing Vendor Data Thursday Availability Weekly Holdings Updates Monday/ Tuesday Sunday Primo Central is updated on a weekly basis. With more than 1200 collections that span one billion items under agreement, and hundreds of customers using Primo, you can understand why it is weekly. This is the cycle into which your institutional holdings file is inserted for update. With the Update Existing Data step in the cycle [CLICK], your data is harvested, a step that usually occurs starting on Thursday. Following harvesting [CLICK], weekly updates occur beginning on Sunday. Indexing, Availability and Hotswap [CLICK] occur on Monday and Tuesday and are usually complete by Wednesday morning. Some of these terms have a very technical meaning in Primo and Primo Central. You’ll learn more about them during your implementation. Indexing

How Primo Central Works Searching successfully in Primo Central requires that electronic resources to which you subscribe are activated. This kind of activity is something that occurs via the Primo Central Wizard. Activation of licensed and free electronic resources informs Primo that these resources are subscribed to by your institution and includes them in search results as appropriate. If your institution also uses SFX, note that additions or deletions may cause changes to your Primo Central settings. In a search performed for the phrase, social insurance policy, we see results. The title, Latin America's Social Policy Challenge: Education, Social Insurance, Redistribution [CLICK] is included in because a Primo Central Collection containing this citation is active. The fact that “full text” links appear [CLICK] in the View Online tab means that the target and full-text target service and object are activated in SFX or via the Alma UResolver. We are able to see and view these resources because they licensed by your institution and have been activated. You’ll learn much more about activating resources in the Primo Central Wizard along with the relationship to SFX or the Alma UResolver during your implementation.

Primo Overview Introduction How Primo works How Primo Central works How they work together Summary and resources Primo Overview How do Primo and Primo Central work together?

Primo and Primo Central Library-Owned Physical Resources Primo Central Primo Digital Repositories Open Access E-Resources Licensed E-Resources As you have learned, Primo provides libraries with a single, unified discovery layer that gives researchers access to all resources regardless of type or location. The content that is being searched includes the library’s physical resources, licensed and open access electronic resources and digital repositories as well as Primo Central [CLICK] which is included as a resource for scholarly electronic and digital materials. Another way to think of this, [CLICK] is that all of your resources have been put into interconnected bins that are inside a larger bin. When entering a search, your request for information is automatically sent to all of those bins and results display all together in Primo.

Primo and Primo Central In the end, this means that results from all of these resources can be discovered, blended and delivered to researchers with ease and very quickly. As you can see in the first four search results for the terms, exotic animals, we are seeing a newspaper article, an electronic book, a peer-reviewed electronic article as well as a print book from the library’s physical holdings. That’s grand!

Primo Overview Introduction How Primo works How Primo Central works How they work together Summary and resources Primo Overview In summary, then…

Summary This presentation has focused on Explaining what Web-scale discovery and delivery are Identifying how Primo’s features meet the definition of a Web-scale discovery and delivery system Helping you to feel confident about promoting the benefits of Primo and all it contains to library staff, patrons and researchers at your institution …this presentation has helped you to be able to Define Web-scale discovery and delivery Describe the features of Primo as a Web-scale discovery and delivery system Discover and think about how you will promote the benefits of Primo at your institution

Resources Primo Technical Guide This document is available via the Ex Libris Documentation Center Primo Version 4.x Highlights Primo Online Help Available as a link in the Primo interface In terms of resources that may be useful at this stage in your implementation of Primo, you will likely want to locate the Primo Technical Guide and Version Highlights documents. Both documents are available at the Ex Libris Documentation Center. Primo’s online help is very useful for answering questions on performing basic searches, viewing results and using My Account, tagging results and using the browse functionality, along with numerous other topics.

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