Developing Indigenous Capabilities for Processing Organic Wastes Presented by Dr David Fulford MEI CEnv Kingdom Bioenergy Ltd, UK davidf@kingdombio.com

Background David Fulford: Worked in DCS, Butwal on initial Nepal biogas programme (funded by USAID) 1977 to 1984 Did mid-term evaluation of UNDP funded biogas programme 1991 Taught on MSc on Renewable Energy, Reading University, UK – 1989 to 2008 Assessor for Ashden – 2004 to present Evaluation of SNV Asia Biogas 2012 Wrote: Running a biogas programme (Practical Action 1988) new version 2014

Overview The best people to develop processes to solve local problems are local people People have indigenous skills which can be used for wider applications The most cost-effective solutions are often the simplest ones Simple and appropriate solutions are not easy and quick to develop R & D is required to find appropriate solutions

Ashden Experience Ashden is part of Sainsbury Foundation - gives awards to best renewable energy technologies in the world www.ashden.org The best renewable energy technologies are those developed by a local entrepreneur to meet a local problem People need to share information and learn from others

Domestic biogas program in Nepal Case Study 1 Domestic biogas program in Nepal Nepal government initiative - 1976 R & D program in Development and Consulting Services, funded by USAID Program under Gobar Gas Company, funded by UNDP Developed a model for domestic biogas systems (GGC 2047) Over 300,000 plants built in Nepal under SNV funded BSP program (Ashden Award)

Nepal Biogas Reasons for Success Technology uses local skills and was developed interactively between local practitioners and international advisers Emphasis on quality control and follow-up Extension process uses local skills and was developed interactively between local practitioners and international advisers References - my book and SNV publications

Waste processing for CMC Vellore Case Study 2 Waste processing for CMC Vellore SKG Sangha - domestic biogas extension NGO (Ashden Award) 125,000 plants CMC Vellore needs to process 3 tonnes a day of food waste Complaints about smell of composting system Kingdom Bioenergy worked with SKG Sangha to build biogas system

Vellore System (1)

Vellore System (2)

Vellore System (3)

Vellore System (4)

Vellore System (5)

Vellore system features Cost (first estimates only): Estimated commercial: IRs 3,500,000 (NRs 5,600,000, $ 58,000) Energy generated: Estimated: 300 m3 per day biogas gives 6580 MJ/day, or 112 kg LPG/day value: IRs 7,600 /day IRs 2,700,000/yr Electricity potential: Estimated: 25 kW or 219,000 kW hr/yr value: IRs 1,100,000 @ IRs 5/kW hr

Approach to Design Looked at local capabilities of SKG Sangha Considered local aspects of South India Visited CMC Vellore and looked at local management systems. Took experience from projects in UK, Rwanda, Ghana and elsewhere in India Designed prototype system Made by SKG Sangha technicians, supervised by SKG Sangha engineer

Development Pilot system, needs much more testing Needs R & D component - how can it be improved? Design adapted to local conditions: Capability of SKG Sangha Skills used in existing extension program Waste management capability already in CMC Vellore Skills used in existing waste management

Implications Cannot offer SKG Sangha system Can offer an approach: still under development designed for South India not appropriate for Nepal Can offer an approach: develop system appropriate to Nepal use capabilities of NBPA companies work together to find a cost effective solution that works in Nepal

Requirements Team of local people experienced with biogas External consultants experienced in R&D for appropriate solutions: technical, management, extension Funding, specifically for R&D R&D facilities: laboratories, land, equipment Organisation

Indigenous capability to process organic residues in Nepal Projected Result Indigenous capability to process organic residues in Nepal Kingdom Bioenergy Ltd www.kingdombio.com Foundation SKG Sangha foundationskgsangha.org