S y s t e m Source: Adopted from Systems thinking and learning, by Stephen G. Haines with permission Systems thinking: “A new orientation to life” “From complexity to simplicity” Systems: Systems are made up of a set of components that work together for the overall objective of the whole (output). Needs assessment Planners, decision makers, users Strategy for collecting feedback information … Instrument of data collection Guidelines …. C. Input D. Throughput A. Output “The organization as a system” Standardized instrument Collected information …. Future Today Alignment of delivery Attunement of people User value Feedback Loop B. Feedback E. Current status How is data collected Manpower, materials, facilities SWOT/PESTLE …. Feedback information compiled Environment Social, economic, political Necessary infrastructure Manpower availability …

Objectives Organized way of collecting Quicker way to obtain information Easy Processing, analysis Quicker information services Regular /ad-hoc Standard instruments of DC Share of resources /manpower and facility Easy to process and compile Faster too Eliminate duplication of work …..

Collection Processing Analysis Reporting Dissemination Application Feedback Collect initial step Total quality Procedure Feedback Don’t stop in the middle and expect an outcome! Coverage ?

EMIS – information life cycle Collection incorporation Feedback Requirements analysis (prototyping) Program design Program testing Implementation Maintenance Data Processing Publication Putting it together Formatting Costing Distribution Dissemination Reaching the user Presentation Briefing Training Information Management Life cycle EMIS – information life cycle Instrument design/review Pre-testing publication Follow up Data collection Data analysis Requirements study Graphing Compilation Reporting Figure 6 A cycle within a cycle Repeats every year Careful Planning Life cycle

Central statistical office Research institutes Departments/sections …. Types Primary Secondary … Methodology Questionnaire Interview Observation …. Regular Research Qualitative Quantitative Success stories … Sources Central statistical office Research institutes Departments/sections ….

Life cycle Needs assessment – producer/user Instrument design Pre-testing Instrument redesign Publication Distribution Follow up

General Community General Community General Community Share of responsibility National organizations MoE Civil society General Community General Community MoE Planning Non-Government organizations EMIS Government Ministries International organizations MoE Departments Regions Provinces Districts Schools Researchers General Community General Community Non-Formal Education TV Education Teacher training education Preprimary education General education(1-12) Higher education User is central Quality in All General Community Decentralized Distributed EMIS/ Users relationship

Scope of work Education Working Procedure Records Pupils Teachers Facilities Materials Adm. personnel …. Survey administration Data processing Analysis Publication Distribution Dissemination Feedback Figure 2: Scope of Work Pre-primary education Primary education Secondary education Higher Education Formal Government Records Pupils Teachers Facilities Materials Adm. personnel …. Administrative Technical/Vocational Education Teacher Training Special Education Finance Archives …. Education Pre-primary Adult education Literacy programs Community education Evening classes Records Pupils Teachers Facilities Materials Adm. personnel …. Non-Government Required essentials Non-Formal Monitoring & Evaluation Planning Training Research Management MoE = Ministry of Education District offices Provincial offices Departments Schools MoE Finance Archives Personnel …. Scope of work

Decentralized system Policy Top Down flow Demand/Use Challenges Guidelines Infrastructure Training Information dissemination Challenges Equipment Manpower 3. Capacity building MoE/EMIS Provinces At all levels Training Monitoring and Evaluation Inventory Documentation Maintenance Planning Strategy Training of trainers Step by step build up of the system Team work at all levels Districts Schools Note Use at each level Decentralized EMIS Share of responsibility Risks of decentralization Undermining central issues Increased disparity

Tr aI nI ng Develops through time/year Policy Top Down Bottom up MoE – EMIS Planning Monitoring and Evaluation Research Training of trainers Ability to do the job /Competency Willingness Eliminate bureaucratic practices Team spirit Accountability The degree to which policies match the need of the people Is the Ministry capable of implementing the policies Provinces – EMIS Planning Monitoring and Evaluation Research Training of trainers Ability to manage, listen to bottom up information Take action Competency Willingness Eliminate bureaucratic practices Accountability Common theme Data collection Data processing Data analysis Publication Distribution Dissemination Feedback Management District – EMIS Planning Monitoring and Evaluation Research Training of trainers Schools – EMIS Planning Monitoring and Evaluation Research Training Organizational learning!! Develops through time/year

Training of trainers Figure 9 … CSO MoE MoF … … P1 P1 P1 … … D1 D1 D1 MoE=Ministry of Education, CSO=central Statistical Office, MoF=Ministry of Finance, P=Provinces, D=Districts, S=Schools …

Dakar Goals Definition Secondary sources Research Over ambitious

Problems Early childhood Non formal education Non-governmental Different types Lack of compliance Coverage ? Non formal education Many different providers Coverage Finance & expenditure for respective sub-sectors Kindergarten EMIS not accepted

Source: Adopted from Systems thinking and learning, by Stephen G Source: Adopted from Systems thinking and learning, by Stephen G. Haines with permission Systems thinking: “A new orientation to life” “From complexity to simplicity” S y s t e m Systems: Systems are made up of a set of components that work together for the overall objective of the whole (output). Planning /projection Monitoring and evaluation Strategy for collecting feedback information … Plan /ME/other Mechanism for feedback information …. C. Input D. Throughput A. Output “The organization as a system” Universal primary education …. Future Today Alignment of delivery Attunement of people User value Feedback Loop B. Feedback E. Current status How is data collected Manpower, materials, facilities SWOT/PESTLE …. Feedback information compiled Environment Social, economic, political Necessary infrastructure Manpower availability …

 Discussions What is your experience in data collection? What problems have you encountered? How were the problems tackled?