Alcohol, spiritus, ethanol

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Presentation transcript:

Alcohol, spiritus, ethanol An Arabic expression: al-kahal = fine substantion Fermentation: from glucose with yeast enzymes, max. concentration 14 % Beer: cca 5 % alcohol Wine: cca 12 % alcohol Destillated beverages: cca 40-50 % alcohol 23.9.2017 alcohole18.ppt

The effects of alcohol Acute alcohol intoxication (Noe) Alcoholism (addiction) Alcoholic is who drinks more than his doctor Withdrawal syndrome (delirium, white mice) Diseases associated with alcohol consumption Beneficial health effects of moderate drinking The French paradox 23.9.2017 alcohole18.ppt

Resorbtion and excretion Rapid resorbtion – ethanol is a small hydrophilic molecule Already from stomach (empty – full) 30 to 150 minutes Possible resorbtion also through skin and other mucosa Metabolism mainly in liver through 2 enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase To a lesser extent catalase and MEOS Excretion through kidneys and lungs 23.9.2017 alcohole18.ppt

E1 E2 23.9.2017 alcohole18.ppt

Acetaldehyde acetic acid Ethanol acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde acetic acid If E2 << E1, accumulation of acetaldehyde, unpleasant symptoms (women, Japanese and Chinese people) E1 E2 23.9.2017 alcohole18.ppt

Hangover, kac, kocovina, 23.9.2017 alcohole18.ppt

Acute intoxication Symptoms alcohol mg/l (promille) 0,50 – 0,75 Excitation Euphoria, decreased mental concentration 1,00 – 1,50 Excitation, drunkenness Agressivity. Loss of judgement, ataxia, disorder of motor coordination 2,00 – 3.00 Depression Disorder of consciousness > 3,00 Coma, death 23.9.2017 alcohole18.ppt

Metabolic consequences Decrease of gluconeogenesis, hypoglycamia in diabetics! Decrease of lipid oxidation, fatty liver up to liver cirrhosis Acidosis Decreased excretion of uric acid, attacks in patients with gout 23.9.2017 alcohole18.ppt

Alcohol and diseases Direct effect (brain, liver) Common cause of dementia (Korsakoff) Cirrhosis fatal bleeding from oesophageal varices Deficient nutrition B vitamin deficiency and neuropathy Toxic compounds Methanol, glycols, cobalt, thujone from absynth 23.9.2017 alcohole18.ppt

Alcohol and the western populations Absolute abstainers 10 % Consistent consumers 20 % Nonconsistent consumers 20 % Occasional heavy drinkers 27 % Regular heavy drinkers 20 % Addictive alcoholics 3 % 23.9.2017 alcohole18.ppt

Consequences of heavy drinking in EU Fatal traffic accidents 17 000 Fatal injuries 27 000 Assassinations 2 000 Self-murder 10 000 Deaths due to liver cirrhosis* 45 000 Deaths due to malignant tumors 50 000 Deaths due to neuropsychical diseases 17 000 * Liver failure and bleeding from oesophageal varices 23.9.2017 alcohole18.ppt

Alcohol and health? The French paradox (CHD in France vs Scotland) Ý HDL cholesterol, Ý fibrinolysis, ßcoagulation, Ýinsulin sensitivity Decreased risk of MI Antioxidants (resveratrol) ? Life style ? 23.9.2017 alcohole18.ppt

Metabolism of methanol The same, but… Formaldehyde is more toxic as compared with acetaldehyde, formic acid is extremely toxic Severe acidosis, damage of the retina, blindness Ethanol therapy ?! 23.9.2017 alcohole18.ppt