Rocks Rock!.

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Presentation transcript:

Rocks Rock!

What is a rock? Any solid mass of minerals that occur naturally

The Rock Cycle Interactions among Earth’s water, air, & land cause rocks to change from one type to another.

Major Types of Rocks Classified by their chemical composition & texture Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rock Forms when magma cools and hardens Can occur beneath the surface or as a result of volcanic eruptions

Igneous Composition Minerals: Granitic Andesitic Basaltic Quartz Feldspar Biotite Mica Granitic Andesitic Basaltic

Igneous Texture Coarse-Grained Fine-Grained Glassy Porphyritic SLOW COOLING LARGE crystals Fine-Grained RAPID COOLING SMALL crystals Glassy Cools so fast no crystals can form Porphyritic Crystals do not cool at same rate Large crystals surrounded by small crystals

Sedimentary Rock Exposed igneous or metamorphic rocks undergoes weathering This means the rock is physically and chemically broken down (by water, air, & living things) into sediments Clastic Sedimentary Rock = physically broken Chemical Sedimentary Rock = chemically broken Sediments are compacted and cemented together to form sedimentary rock

Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Grouped according to SIZE of sediments in the rock Conglomerate Rounded, gravel-size or larger Breccia Angular sediments Sandstone Sand sized sediments Shale Very fine-grained sediments (most common type) Siltstone Fine-grained rock

What are these?

(Bio)Chemical Sedimentary Rocks Usually occurs when water evaporates off leaving a solid product Limestone (from shells) Chalk Coquina (cemented shells) Rock Salt Chert Flint Rock Gypsum

Chalk Limestone Coquina Flint Chert Rock Salt Rock Gypsum

Metamorphic Rock Under extreme pressure & temperature sedimentary or igneous rock will change into metamorphic rock

Foliated Metamorphic Rock Have a layered or banded appearance Gneiss & schist

Non-foliated Metamorphic Rock Does not have a banded texture Marble (calcite) Quartzite Anthracite

Magma Metamorphic rock can melt to form magma if it is subject to additional pressure and temperature changes