Relationships and roles Chapter 11 Relationships and roles

Deinstitutionalizing marriage Women’s movement redefined marriage. More equality but personal priorities led to more divorces More choose to live alone or cohabitate More single parents with less stigma Parents more accepting of children who cohabitate but cultural differences remain

Married or cohabiting in Europe (ages 30 to 39)

The marriage happiness curve Peaks before and during honeymoon Declines about year 4, divorce danger zone. Lowest while with children Happiness rises after children leave “U” or valley curve

The marriage relationship Homogamy Secure attachment Event-driven relationship Cohabitation and later divorce

Sternberg’s Triangular theory of love 1. Passion 2. Intimacy 3. Commitment Romantic love combines passion and intimacy Commitment only in an “empty marriage” Consummate love (ideal) combines all three

Divorce Weigh costs vs. benefits (finances, effect on children) Communication problems most often given as the major cause of divorce. Other problems contribute. Extra-marital affair can be “final straw” Risk of failed 2nd marriage (rebound or repeat pattern)

Working women Have less continuous careers than men, more prone to leave then return due to caregiving needs Gender-specific careers continue but lessening Glass ceiling: less advancement Women still earn less than men

Lifespan theory of work (Donald Super) Moratorium (young adults): Deciding on a career Establishment (20s-40s): Working hard to advance on the job Maintenance (50s-60s): Career peak, focus on mentoring new workers Decline (65+): Withdraw and retire 21st century difference: Fewer 20s-30s males (1 in 2) report interest in career advancement perhaps because they feel they’re already working too many hours.

Happiness theory of work (John Holland) 1. Find a career that fits your personality 2. Find work that provides: Intrinsic rewards: inner fulfillment Extrinsic rewards: external reinforcers like prestige and good pay 3. Avoid the negatives: Role overload: too much to do Role conflict: between job and home

Mental illness DSM-IV-TR (2000) Mental status examination (MSE) Psychological tests: MMPI, etc Most severe disorders Substance abuse Paraphilias

Treating mental illness Commitment Deinstitutionalization mainstreaming Best treatment