CELLULAR RESPIRATION Process where food is broken down to release energy to do work (opposite of photosynthesis)

First step Glycolysis Glucose converted to 2 pyruvate molecules and energy Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell 2 ATP needed to start the process, 4ATP produced along with Pyruvate and 2NADH (stores energy). Most energy still in the pyruvate.

Aerobic step 2 Takes place in the MITOCHONDRIA in the presence of oxygen Pyruvate converted to CO2, H2O and ENERGY ATP is produced in Krebs Cycle (citric acid) Electron transport chain 1 glucose molecule produces (4ATP’s, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2) x 2 NADH and FADH2 are transferred to the electron trans. chain in the inner membrane of the mitochondion where ATP is formed.

Aerobic step 3 The electron trans. chain pumps H+ out through membrane causing the diffusion( through special protein channels) of ADP converting it to ATP Oxygen is final electron receptor and is converted to H2O by NADH NAD+ and FAD+ are free to pick up circulating electrons and return to ETC process. 36 ATP’s produced 34 from aerobic respiration 2 from glycolysis

ANAEROBIC Energy released from food w/out presence of oxygen Only a small amount of energy produced by this process 2 forms Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic fermentation Each only produce 2ATP molecules

ALCOHOLIC Pyruvate molecules produce CO2 and ETHANOL Occurs in yeast (fungus) Pyruvate molecules produce CO2 and ETHANOL Pyruvate + NADH  Ethanol + NAD+ + CO2 Recycles NAD for glycolysis  little ATP Used by bakers (bread) Ferments carbs in dough , prod. CO2 causing bread to rise Making wine, beer and gasohol

LACTIC ACID Produced in muscle cells thro’ convertion of pyruvate Occurs during strenuous exercise (lack of O2) NADH trans. H+ to pyruvate  lactic acid and NAD+ which is needed during glycolysis to produce ATP Build up of Lactic acid leads to muscle fatigue Acid diffuses into blood stream and trans to Liver where converted to pyruvate