Forces of Motion and Newton’s 3 Laws

NGSS Standards MS-PS2-1. Apply Newton’s Third Law to design a solution to a problem involving the motion of two colliding objects.* MS-PS2-2. Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.

PHYSICS Unit Day 1 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): PHYSICS Unit Day 1 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): Explain how motion is affected by forces and Describe how gravity and air resistance affect falling objects. Do Now: Physics Project Introduction Project Vocabulary and Examples Today: C-E-R: Objects in Free Fall DVD Field Trip: Air Forces Do Later: PHYSICS FORCE & MOTION PROJECT New Notebook New Table of Contents

PHYSICS Unit Day 2 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): PHYSICS Unit Day 2 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): Explain how motion is affected by friction and other forces Do Now: FINISH Project Vocabulary and Examples Today: SIA Reports – 1st Physics week Force Notes & Picture Prompts Do Later: PHYSICS FORCE & MOTION PROJECT

PHYSICS Unit Day 3 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): PHYSICS Unit Day 3 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): Explain how motion is affected by friction and other forces Do Now: Force and Motion Word search Today: REVIEW Project Vocabulary and Examples CER Friction Investigation Lab Do Later: FINISH FRICTION LAB REPORT PHYSICS FORCE & MOTION PROJECT

PHYSICS Unit Day 4 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. Do Now: TURN IN FRICTION LAB SIA Presentations – Physics week #1 Today: Newton’s Laws of Motion notes Which Law? Homework: PHYSICS FORCE & MOTION PROJECT

PHYSICS Unit Day 5 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. Do Now: *Get a Calculator 3 Laws Crossword Today: Calculating Acceleration Notes Newton’s 2nd law Problems Momentum notes and problems Homework: PHYSICS FORCE & MOTION PROJECT

PHYSICS Unit Day 6 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. Do Now: What’s your Motion IQ ? Today: Acceleration and Momentum Review What if Gravity disappeared? Myth Buster’s Penny Drop Episode TURN IN! Do Later: PHYSICS FORCE & MOTION PROJECT

PHYSICS Unit Day 7 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2) Demonstrate concepts and skills Do Now: Classroom Textbook Work Today: Read Chapter 12, sections 1-4 Complete Guided Reading Worksheets Do Later: SIA Week #2 TOMORROW PHYSICS FORCE & MOTION PROJECT

PHYSICS Unit Day 8 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. Do Now: SIA Presentations – Physics week #2 Today: Newton’s Physics review and games Do Later: NEWTONS PHYSICS QUIZ and NOTEBOOK DUE TOMORROW PHYSICS FORCE & MOTION PROJECT DUE MONDAY

PHYSICS Unit Day 9 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): Demonstrate knowledge of Newton’s Laws of forces and motion Do Now: TURN IN Notebook Today: Newton’s Physics Assessment Do Later: EINSTEIN’S 100th PHYSICS FORCE & MOTION PROJECT DUE MONDAY

PHYSICS Unit Day 10 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. Do Now: Engineering NOW! TURN IN PHYSICS PROJECT! Today: Car & Egg Race and Crash – Introduction Designing and Building your Car Do Later: SIA Week #3

PHYSICS Unit Day 11 Do Now: Notions of Motions Today: OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): Apply Newton’s Third Law to design a solution to a problem involving the motion of two colliding objects. Do Now: Notions of Motions Today: Car & Egg Race and Crash– Day 2 Testing and Modifications to your Car Homework: SIA Week #3

PHYSICS Unit Day 12 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): Apply Newton’s Third Law to design a solution to a problem involving the motion of two colliding objects. Do Now: Finish all DO Nows Today: Car & Egg Race and Crash– Day 3 FINAL CAR MODIFICATIONS and RACES / TIME TRIALS Do Later: PHYSICS FORCE & MOTION PROJECT

PHYSICS Unit Day 13 Today: Wrap-up – Yesterday’s Time Trials OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2): Apply Newton’s Third Law to design a solution to a problem involving the motion of two colliding objects. Today: Wrap-up – Yesterday’s Time Trials Car & Egg Race and Crash– Day 4 FINAL EGG SAFETY EVALUATIONS Do Later: PHYSICS FORCE & MOTION PROJECT

PHYSICS Unit Day 14 OBJECTIVE (MS-PS2-1,2) Demonstrate concepts and skills Do Now: ? Today: SIA Presentations week #3 Do Later:

Your Car MUST: Be 6.5 cm wide – or LESS Weigh 30 g – or LESS Roll down the entire track Have a way to remove the EGG for inspection Have Four “Facts” written on the car: Your names Car name Car mass Car width

Time Trials Team/Car Mass Avg Time Speed Acceleration Momentum

Safety Trials Team/Car Mass w/Egg Time Velocity Momentum Passenger Survival?

Egg Car Race Lab Team/Car Mass (g) Avg Time (s) Speed (m/s) RIP 19 Acceleration (m/s2) Momentum (kgm/s) RIP 19 1.70 1.76 1.04 0.034 A+ 22.5 1.18 2.54 2.15 0.057 LIT 28.5 1.37 2.19 1.60 0.062 PLS 24.7 0.93 3.23 3.47 0.080 CANNON 15.5 1.40 0.65 0.022 STEELERS 15.9 1.85 1.62 0.88 0.026 JK 16.4 1.47 2.04 1.39 0.033 BAT 12.8 1.55 1.94 1.25 0.025 SUB 28.9 1.71 1.75 1.03 0.051 MEME 15.1 2.14 1.53 0.032

Egg Car Race Crash TURBO 15.3 1.74 1.72 0.99 0.026 ROMANO 17.3 2.00 Team/Car Mass (g) Avg Time (s) Speed (m/s) Acceleration (m/s2) Momentum (kgm/s) TURBO 15.3 1.74 1.72 0.99 0.026 ROMANO 17.3 2.00 1.50 0.75 SOCCER 16.2 1.79 1.68 0.94 0.027 AWESOME 24.9 1.35 2.22 1.65 0.055 HOPE 20.8 1.25 2.40 1.92 0.050 BOX 13.1 2.24 1.34 0.60 0.018 SPEDSTER 15.5 0.023 CARLOS 14.8 1.56 1.23 0.028 UNIWHEEL 14.2 2.32 1.29 0.56 PINK LIT 12.5 1.77 1.69 0.96 0.021 GDGDGDG 21.7 1.16 2.59 2.23 0.056 LARRY 0.046

Egg Car Race Crash Team/Car Mass (g) Avg Time (s) Speed (m/s) Acceleration (m/s2) Momentum (kgm/s) SUPERCHARGE 23.4 1.37 2.19 1.60 0.051 HERCULES 13.7 0.030 SPEEDSTER 2.0 11.5 2.71 1.11 0.41 0.013 WAGON WALLE 20.3 1.52 1.97 1.30 0.040 SCREW-UP 11.9 2.01 1.49 0.74 0.018 DREAM TEAM 14.5 1.27 2.36 1.86 0.034 CODY 20.2 1.88 1.17 0.038 SPEEDY 25.2 1.35 RAINBOW 13.6 1.39 2.16 1.55 0.029 DERPMOBILE 12.9 2.42 1.24 0.51 0.016 TSUNAMI 28.9 1.57 1.91 1.22 0.055 HURRICANE 29.5 1.72 1.74 1.01

Q:What factors affect a falling object? Objects in Free Fall Q:What factors affect a falling object? Perform the following simple activity to begin learning about the forces that act on falling objects. 1. Stand beside your desk. Hold a sheet of notebook paper level at eye level. Release the sheet of paper and watch it fall. Describe the motion of the paper. 2. Hold a sheet of notebook paper that has been crumpled into a tight ball at eye level. Release the crumpled paper and watch it fall. Describe the motion of the paper. 3. Design and perform a third experiment to test the forces that act on a falling piece of paper. 4. How do the motions of the flat sheet of paper and the crumbled ball of paper compare? What forces do you think are acting on each sheet of paper?

It weighs around 1. 8 kg and measures about 42 inches (1 It weighs around 1.8 kg and measures about 42 inches (1.08 m) in total length – the body is about 18 inches (0.46 m) long and the tail is 24 inches (0.62 m) long.

FIRST LAW OF CARTOON PHYSICS

Project Vocabulary Static Friction Gravity Sliding Friction Balanced Forces Fluid Friction Unbalanced Forces Rolling Friction Circular (centripedal) Projectile Motion Strong and Weak Nuclear Forces Conservation of Momentum Newton’s 1st Terminal Velocity Newton’s 2nd Relative Motion Newton’s 3rd Acceleration Electromagnetic force

Forces Force - a push or pull The ability to change an object's motion Starting Stopping Speeding up Slowing down Changing direction

Forces May change an object's shape Forces give energy to an object All of the forces acting on an object together are known as net forces

Balanced forces are equal forces No movement or change in movement occurs Unbalanced forces are unequal forces Some change in movement occurs

Gravity is a force that pulls objects toward each other Friction is a force that slows down motion

Forces can be represented with arrows called vectors . Vectors show the direction and magnitude of a force .

Forces are measured in newtons ( n ) A newton is equal to 1 kg x 1 m/s2

Three Laws by newton

Laws Of Motion Sir Isaac Newton’s accomplishments laid the foundations for modern science Newton had new ideas about gravity, the diffraction of light, forces. He also had ideas about motion, which he called his three laws of motion. First Law - Law of Inertia Second Law - Law of Acceleration Third Law - Law of Equal and Opposite Forces

First Law - Law of Inertia Inertia is the tendency of an object to not change it's motion If it is moving, it keeps moving in the same direction If it is at rest, it stays at rest The more mass an object has, the more inertia it has. This means that the more mass an object has, the harder it is to move, stop, or change the speed or direction of the object. Objects do not change their motion unless a force acts on them An object will not start or stop moving, change speed or change direction unless a force acts on it

Second Law - Law of Acceleration Force = mass X acceleration (F=ma) ~or~ Acceleration = force/mass (a=F/m) Mass, force and acceleration are related Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass.  The more mass an object has the more force it takes to cause acceleration. Big masses are hard to accelerate. Small masses are easy to accelerate. Objects accelerate more quickly when a greater force is used. Objects move in the direction they are pushed or pulled

This is an example of how Newton's Second Law works: Mike's car, which weighs 1,000 kg, is out of gas. Mike is trying to push the car to a gas station, and he makes the car go 0.05 m/s2. Using Newton's Second Law, you can compute how much force Mike is applying to the car.  

Third Law - Law of Equal and Opposite Forces Forces act in pairs The forces are equal and opposite When one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object The first force is the action force. The second force is the reaction force. The equal and opposite forces act on different objects

Let's look at how a rocket works to understand Newton's Third Law.  The rocket's action is to push down on the ground with the force of its powerful engines, and the reaction is that the ground pushes the rocket upwards with an equal force.

Review… 1. Who was the scientist who gave us the Laws of Motion?  2. How many Laws of Motion are there?  3. What is another name for the first law of motion?  4. Which law explains why we need to wear seatbelts?  5. Which law says that force is equal to mass times acceleration (F=MA)?  6. Which law says that heavier objects require more force than lighter objects to move or accelerate them?  7. Which law explains how rockets are launched into space?  8. Which law says that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction? 

What is Acceleration?

Acceleration Acceleration is ANY change in speed or direction (any change in velocity) Acceleration can be positive (speeding up) Or negative (slowing down) Or a result of changing direction (turning) Instantaneous Acceleration is how fast a velocity is changing at a specific instant

Acceleration of Gravity (Free Fall) is 9.8 m/s2 Units of Acceleration are m/s2 Acceleration of Gravity (Free Fall) is 9.8 m/s2

Calculating Acceleration Two ways Change in Speed Change in Time = ACCELERATION Force Mass = ACCELERATION

a. Speed b. Direction c. m/s2 Section 11.3

REMEMBER: Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass.  The more mass an object has the more force it takes to cause acceleration. Objects accelerate more quickly when a greater force is used.

force = mass X acceleration f=ma ~or~ acceleration = force / mass a=f/m ~or~ mass= force/acceleration m=f/a

What is Momentum?

Momentum in the Vernacular In everyday experience, momentum is the amount “oomph” an object has So what factors affect the momentum of an object?

What affects Momentum? Which has more “oomph”? A biker going at 20 mph A car going at 20 mph A car will certainly hurt more, why? Because it is more massive (more mass)‏

What affects Momentum? Which has more “oomph”? A car going at 10 mph The faster car will have more “oomph”, why? Because faster things are harder to stop

Momentum Defined Momentum is the product of mass and velocity This is normally written p = m x v What are the units of momentum? p = m x v m: kg v: m/s p: kg • m/s :kilogram meters per second

p=mv What is the momentum a tortoise that weighs 1kg and moves at .05m/s? p=mv=1x.05= .05kgm/s How does that compare to a bee that weighs 10 grams and flies at 2 m/s? 10g=.01kg p=mv=.01x2= .02kgm/s The tortoise has more momentum.

Chapter 12 Formulas m = F / a a = F / m m = p / v v = p / m p = m * v Law of Acceleration F = m * a m = F / a a = F / m Momentum p = m * v m = p / v v = p / m