Expert Critiques on Situational Analysis and Needs Assessment Situational Analysis and Needs Assessment GEOHealth: : POLICY, REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORKS IN ETHIOPIA Expert Critiques on Situational Analysis and Needs Assessment Waltaji Terfa, WHO Ethiopia Meeting of Establishing a GEOHealth Hub Platform for East Africa Date: July 25, 2013 Ghion Hotel, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Expert Critiques Is the process followed for organizing the SANA adequate? Yes cover relevant sectors and brought on board experts in the field of EOH The tool used for prioritization of needs were not adequate Global and regional prospective not addressed( such as implementation of Global and Continental agreement on environment and occupational health) example.. Waga Declaration on employment and poverty alleviation( 2004) SANA covers only one country among the East African countries expected to be member of the HUB Has the SANA conducted a comprehensive situational analysis (SA)? policy, strategy, guide lines, institutional arrangement capacity, constraints and gaps If I am not wrong, I haven`t seen the resource allocation, implementation status and ME of the above reviewed policies, strategy and guidelines I haven`t seen also a problem of duplication of similar policy, strategy, guide lines in different sectors Has the SANA conducted a thorough needs assessment (NA)? The need addressed was based on the gaps and constraints identified under each relevant sector Priority needs were also identified. However, criteria for prioritization was not mentioned & clear

Expert Critiques.. Co-ordination between universities and stakeholder governmental and non-governmental agencies with respect to I haven`t seen any statement on this issue in the document except trained human resource capacity of gaps of those relevant sectors Remaining tasks to complete the SANA Address the gaps identified in the Critiques including needs priority setting criteria Any other comments deemed important for the expert critiques use the SANA Ethiopia Country Report on Implementation of Libreville Declaration on Health and Environment which is very comprehensive and published in 2010

Environmental Health: Definition & Scope “Control of those factors in the human’s physical environment which exercise or may exercise a deleterious effect on his/her physical development , health, & survival. ” (WHO, 1950)...... Waste management, Water Supply, Food sanitation, Personal habits of cleanliness & Public health in relation to communicable disease Environmental health has broadened in its scope and widely used to refer to the “maintenance of the ecological balance between man and his environment” (WHO, 1970) Human health including quality of life

Human Survival/needs Vs Environment

Driving Forces for the change of Environment Adapted from John Hopkins School of public health

World Health Organization 12 September 2018 Challenges Example Ethiopia, South Africa: among ten top Toxic Chemical hotspots in the world (FAO, 2003). Ethiopia: 3 000 tones hazardous pesticide waste at 1 000 sites (FAO, 2003) Arjo, Western Ethiopia 5.5 tones old pesticides, DDT, Malathion, pirimiphos-methyl, and fenitrothion (FA0,2003) Peoples live , children’s playing, cattle grazing , surround the dumpsite.

Modern root cause Challenge Environmental risks to health & ecosystem integrity Traditional root cause Modern root cause ???? There is a need of Good interventions=good policies & strategies which address a root causes Unfortunate marriage of the 2 root causes in developing countries Most strategies/interventions focus 1. Out comes morbidity & mortality 2. Impaired basic human right & dignity 3. Economic loss due to working day lost 4. Drag global & national scarce resource to deal with the out come 5. Jeopardize the next generation

Bottleneck for Health & Environment Linkage Fragmentation: similar policies, strategies and guide line in different sectors Gap: absence of standard, lack of enforcement and guide line for implementation Vacuums: fails to reach out or down, to those most in need of the guidance for implementation in each sector Conflict: between different sectors/ priorities interest for resource Lack capacity: to carry out appropriate policy-making, research, implementing cadres in terms of resources (Human, financial and logistics)

Bottleneck for Health & Environment Linkage The Need of Paradigm Shift Fragmentation Gaps Vacuum Conflict Capacity Harmonization Inter disciplinary approach Multi disciplinary approach Partnership-cooperation

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