Prof. Dr. A. M. Sharaf ECE, UNB, Canada http://www.ece.unb.ca/sharaf STANDALONE WIND INTERFACE GREEN ENERGY SCHEMES Prof. Dr. A. M. Sharaf ECE, UNB, Canada http://www.ece.unb.ca/sharaf

Presentation Outline Introduction Objectives DVR/MPF Stabilizing Scheme DCC Stabilizing Scheme GTO Interface Converter Scheme APC Stabilizing FACTS Scheme Wind-Farm Electricity using PMDC Generator Scheme Conclusion & Recommendation Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

Introduction Wind Energy Fast growing; Expect to supply 10% of total Energy by 2025; Advantages (abundant, clean,renewable); Stand-alone WECS Village electricity feeding hybrid motorized load Voltage-stability Problems and Mitigation Solution Voltage instability & Compensation Proposed interface/stabilization schemes (DVR/MPF, DCC, GTO Converter, APC, Wind-Farm PMDC) Digital simulation & validation using Matlab/Simulink/PS-Blockset Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

Introduction – cont’d Stand-alone WECS structure 1:n Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

Research Objectives Develop digital models (for machines, nonlinear loads, converter/compensator interface, PWM and novel stabilizing controllers) Validate the village wind energy interface schemes using (DVR/MPF, DCC, APC, Converter) Investigate Flexible AC Transmission FACTS-based dynamic controllers Recommend low cost stand-alone village wind energy interface schemes Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

Generator can be IG or PMSG DVR/MPF Scheme *Linear *Nonlinear *Motorized Generator can be IG or PMSG Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d , Hybrid Load Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Dynamic Voltage Regulator & Modulated Power Filter (developed by Dr. Sharaf) Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Typical GTO and Protection Circuits (ABB) Turn on: Li----di/dt Rs---discharge of Cs Turn off: Cs----dv/dt Data sheet Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Capacitor overvoltage Protection using Metal Oxide Varistors (MOV) Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Tri—loop Controller (developed by Dr. Sharaf) Main Loop Supplementary Loops Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Simulation Results Sequenced wind & load Disturbance: t=0.1s Load excursion applied, +30%; t=0.3s Load excursion removed, +30%; t=0.5s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%; t=0.7s Wind Speed excursion removed, -30%. Voltage vs time Voltage vs time Vw -30% 1 0.9 0.8 1 0.9 0.8 SL +30% Without the DVR/MPF With the DVR/MPF Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Simulation Results Power vs Time 0.5 0.45 Vw -30% 0.4 0.35 SL +30% With DVR/MPF Without DVR/MPF Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

DVR/MPF Scheme – Cont’d Simulation Results et Vc PWM pulses time

DCC Scheme DCC Scheme with IG (Induction Generator) Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

DCC Scheme – Cont’d DCC 3 GTO switching stages Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

Controller parameters are selected by off-line guided trial & error for * Best voltage stabilization * Max Pg extraction DCC Scheme – Cont’d Dual-loop controller 1 Tri-loop Controller 2 Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

DCC Scheme – Cont’d time time Without DCC With DCC Vg_rms Pg Wind and load variation sequence: t=0.1s Load excursion applied, +40%;t=0.3s Load excursion removed, +40%;t=0.5s Load excursion applied, -40%;t=0.7s Load excursion removed, -40%;t=0.9s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%; t=1.1s Wind Speed excursion removed, -30%;t=1.3s Wind Speed excursion applied, +30%;t=1.5s Wind Speed excursion removed, +30%; Without DCC Vg_rms With DCC +/-10% Pg time time Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

DCC Scheme – Cont’d Controller 2 Controller 1 et Vc PWM pulses

SPWM GTO Converter Scheme Output LC Filter Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

SPWM GTO Converter Scheme – Cont’d Smoothing DC storage capacitor Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

SPWM GTO Converter Scheme – Cont’d Loop #1 (V-Load) Loop #2 (V-generator) et Vc Modulation index Loop #3 (V-DC-link) Developed by Dr. Sharaf Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

SPWM GTO Converter Scheme – Cont’d (Dynamic simulation results) Wind & Load disturbance sequence: t=0.03s Load excursion applied, +30%;t=0.04s Load excursion removed, +30%;t=0.05s Load excursion applied, -30%;t=0.06s Load excursion removed, -30%;t=0.07s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%;t=0.08s Wind Speed excursion removed, -30%;t=0.09s Wind Speed excursion applied, +30%; t=0.10s Wind Speed excursion removed, +30%; Vg_rms +/- 3% Pg Without SPWM GTO Converter With SPWM GTO Converter Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

SPWM GTO Converter Scheme – Cont’d (Dynamic simulation results) et VL-rms Vc Vdc pulses time time

Novel Active Power Compensator Scheme Developed by Dr. Sharaf Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

Novel Active Power Compensator Scheme – Cont’d P Q exchange at generator bus ** Asynchronous Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

Active Power Compensator Scheme – Cont’d Loop #1 (Vg) Loop #2 (Ig) Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

Active Power Compensator Scheme – Cont’d (simulation results) Wind & Load disturbance sequence: t=0.03s Load excursion applied, +30%;t=0.04s Load excursion removed, +30%; t=0.05s Load excursion applied, -30%; t=0.06s Load excursion removed, -30%; t=0.07s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%; t=0.08s Wind Speed excursion removed, -30%; t=0.09s Wind Speed excursion applied, +30%; t=0.10s Wind Speed excursion removed, +30%; With APC Without APC Vg_rms +/-5% Pg time time Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

Active Power Compensator Scheme – Cont’d (simulation results) Pf et Vc Qf Pulses1 time time

A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator – Cont’d Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator – Cont’d Loop #1 (V-Load) Stabilizer Loop #2 (I-Load) Dynamic Tracking Loop #3 (V-generator) Stabilizer Developed by Dr. Sharaf Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator – Cont’d (Simulation results) Wind & Load disturbance sequence: t=0.03s Load excursion applied, +30%;t=0.04s Load excursion removed, +30%; t=0.05s Load excursion applied, -30%; t=0.06s Load excursion removed, -30%; t=0.07s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30%; t=0.08s Wind Speed excursion removed, -30%; t=0.09s Wind Speed excursion applied, +30%; t=0.10s Wind Speed excursion removed, +30%; Vg Pg time time Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC Generator – Cont’d (Simulation results) Vinverter et Vc VL VL-mag pulses1 time time

Conclusion The research validated six novel WECS Interface & Stabilization schemes namely: Scheme 1: Dynamic voltage regulator/modulated power filter (DVR/MPF) scheme with IG Scheme 2: DVR/MPF Scheme with PMSG Scheme 3: Dynamic capacitor compensation (DCC) scheme with IG Scheme 4: DC-link SPWM 6-pulse GTO Converter Scheme with IG Scheme 5: Active/reactive Power Compensation (APC) Scheme Scheme 6: Farm Electricity Scheme with PM-DC Generator Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

Conclusion – Cont’d DVR/MPF DCC with IG DC-link SPWM Converter with IG APC with IG Converter with PMDC IG PMSG Elements Series CAP Parallel Filter Parallel CAPs Diode Rect. RLC Filter GTO-VSI and Output Filter VSI APC IGBT-VSI Controller Tri-loop Dual-loop + Tri-loop dual-loop Switching PWM SPWM (**Asyn) Performance Vg stabilization Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

Conclusion – Cont’d Recommendation The research study is now being extended to other hybrid energy schemes such as solar/small hydro/micro-gas/hydrogen generation/small NG-fired turbine/biomass/sterling cycle/fuel cell technology and integrated distributed generation. New dynamic FACTS based converter topology for hybrid (wind/PV/others) renewable energy schemes. Novel AI/neuro-fuzzy/soft computing based effective stabilization and control schemes. Build a full laboratory micro system simulator to study new FACTS converter and controller effectiveness. Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

PUBLICATIONS 6 Papers have been published/accepted/submitted A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “A Switched Dynamic Power Filter/Compensator Scheme for Stand Alone Wind Energy Schemes”. IEEE Canada, Canadian Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering CCECE2004. May 2-5 2004. Dundas, Ontario, Canada. (Accepted) A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “Wind System Voltage and Energy Enhancement Using PWM-Switched Dynamic Capacitor Compensation”. IEEE sponsored, EPE – PEMC 04. European Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, September 2-4 2004. Riga, Latvia. (Accepted) A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “Stand-alone Wind Energy System Voltage and Energy Enhancement Using A Low Cost Dynamic Capacitor Compensation Scheme”, Large Engineering Systems Conference on Power Engineering, LESCOPE'04, July 28-31, 2004, Halifax, Canada. (Accepted) Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

PUBLICATIONS 6 Papers have been published/accepted/submitted A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “Wind Energy System Voltage and Energy Utilization Enhancement Using PWM Converter Interface Scheme”, PATMOS 2004, Fourteenth International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation, September 15 - 17, 2004, Isle of Santorini, Greece (Submitted) A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “Stand-alone Wind Energy Conversion System with Active Power Compensation Scheme”, International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy (IJETP), Special issue on Power Electronics for Distributed and Co-Generation. (Submitted) A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, “A Novel Farm-Electricity Wind Energy Scheme using PM-DC Generator”, IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion. (Submitted) Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

Thank you! QUESTIONS PLEASE ! Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters for Stand-alone WECS

Simple Wind Turbine Model (Quasi-static model) is the tip speed ratio; is the specific density of air (1.25); is power conversion coefficient; is the wind turbine rotor velocity in rpm; A is the area swept by the blades; R is the radius of the rotor blades; k is equivalent coefficient of proportionality in per unit (0.745)

Typical Wind Turbine Characteristics

Induction Machine d-q Model

PWM Model

PWM Waveforms Clock Control signal Sampled Control signal Triangle Compared signal Compared signal PWM output PWM output PWM Waveforms t (s)

Asynchronous SPWM Waveforms Demonstration Reference/control voltage Carrier time shifting

GTO 5SGA 30J4502 Data Sheet

GTO 5SGA 30J4502 Data Sheet

GTO 5SGA 30J4502 Data Sheet return