Meeting of Cultures

Indian settlement of America http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/50BC_1500s_maps.html

Locations of Major Indian Groups and Culture Areas in the 1600s 04/06/98 Divine, America Past & Present 7e 4 4 4 4

Columbus’ “New World” Columbus’s first voyage, 1492 http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/50BC_1500s_maps.html

Columbus: Discovery of America Reasons for the Voyage 1. Gain honor, fortune and fame 2. Spread Catholicism- bypass the Muslims to trade directly for the eastern spices and herbs 3. Gain an advantage over Portuguese sailors Warm Welcome The Taino’s greeted the sailors and offered them gifts Columbus collected- often by force- gifts to bring back to Spain Columbus would make four trips to the Americas. He would be named Governor of Hispaniola, then removed for harsh and unfair treatment of the people. He died a disappointed man in 1506

The Invasion of America Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.; http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_faragher_outofmany_ap/

Impact The Columbian Exchange Europeans brought home new foods from the Americas (peanuts, pineapples, tomatoes, potatoes and cocoa) Europeans brought to the Americas wheat, domesticated animals (cows and horses), firearms, the wheel and axle, and DISEASE Disease At first Europeans were unaware they were passing on disease to the Native Americans. Believed that it was a sign that God favored the Europeans, God had sent them to conquer the Natives.

North America’s Indian and Colonial Populations in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.; http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_faragher_outofmany_ap/

The African, Indian, and European Population of the Americas Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.; http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_faragher_outofmany_ap/

Intercontinental (“Columbian”) Exchange Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.; http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_faragher_outofmany_ap/

The Columbian Exchange Henretta, America’s History 5e from http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/mapcentral

Spanish Empire http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/image_bank_US/50BC_1500s_maps.html

Treaty of Tordesillas Urged by the Pope, divided all lands on the Earth not already claimed by other Christians between Portugal and Spain (Americas). Drew an imaginary line around the world (line of demarcation). Portugal and Spain colonize the Americas, plant cash crops, enslave the Native Americans (too weak to withstand diseases), turn to African slaves (stronger and more experience with the crops)

New Spain in the Sixteenth Century Roark, American Promise 3e from http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/mapcentral

The Eurasian Trade System and Overseas Spheres of Influence, 1650 Henretta, America’s History 5e from http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/mapcentral

Several Failed Attempts John Cabot was sent by Henry VII to find a northwest passage to Asia. Runs into Newfoundland, Canada. On his second voyage he disappears and never heard from again Roanoake: colony established during Elizabeth’s rule off the Carolina coast. The colony was left on their own for a couple of years (Spanish Armada), when John White returned the entire colony had disappeared without a trace, except for- CROATOAN

Jamestown- A Success!!! Jamestown was England’s first successful colony. Established by the Virginia Company and named for King James Experienced many hardships: the colony nearly failed Conflict with the Native Americans Unrealistic expectations- wanted to get rich quick Location: swamps and pools of standing water brought disease Starvation: struggled to grow and find food made up of gentleman not workers saved by the aid of the Natives Poor Leadership: settlers fought over minor matters In about 20 years 4,000 out of 5,500 English had died

Tobacco Saved the Virginia colonists from failing completely Was the basis of the colony’s economy To produce large crops of tobacco, planters needed laborers to work the fields Indentured Servants: Couldn’t pay their own way to America, the Promised Land They had to work for a master for a period of time under contract In return, their master paid the cost of their voyage to Virginia

New England Colonies Plymouth Colony Founded as a result of religious conflict in England. Puritans and Separatists were persecuted because of their beliefs. “Pilgrims” decided to make a new home in North America Landed north of Jamestown in Massachusetts Formed the Mayflower Compact- first form of “Self Government” Half of them died in the first winter Native Americans took pity, Squanto taught them how to plant corn.

New England Colonies cont’d Massachusetts Bay Colony Many of these new settlers were Puritans hoping to live where they could worship as they wanted- but were not tolerant of other religions and did not want to live near those who did not believe the way they did. These settlers transformed the landscape Replaced the forests with fields Planted food and raised domestic animals like cows and pigs Didn’t transform the land but also tried to transform the Native Americans in their own image Pushed Natives from their land and were the cause of many conflicts

English Civil War England had never paid much attention to its North American colonies in the past, now the nation became so preoccupied with conflicts within its own borders that it neglected the colonies even more. This created a sense of Self Government in the colonies