Lesson 43 Participles Used as Clauses Latin II Feb. 10-14, 2014

Perfect Passive Participles (aka, “Party-ciples!!!”) A PARTICIPLE is a form of a verb that is used as an adjective. The past participle in English usually ends in –ed: e.g.: carried, beloved With other verbs, it is irregular: e.g.: shown, eaten, seen, heard.

Perfect Passive Participles Like adjectives, participles modify nouns. The baby, CARRIED by its mother, stopped crying. “carried” modifies “baby” The sheets, EATEN by moths, were no longer useful. “eaten” modifies “sheets” SEEN cheating by her boyfriend, the girl decided now was as good a time as any to break up. “seen” modifies “girl”

Perfect Passive Participles In Latin, the PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE is the 4th PRINCIPAL PART of the verb. It generally ends in –tus or –sus

porto portare portavi portatus All About Verbs Each verb has 4 principal parts porto portare portavi portatus First Person Singular Present Active “I carry” Present Active Infinitive “to carry” First Person Singular Perfect Active “I carried” Perfect Passive Participle “having been carried” or “carried”

Perfect Passive Participles Mitto, mittere, misi, MISSUS MISSUS: “sent” or “having been sent” These words decline in 1st/2nd declensions just like any other –us, -a, -um adjective. (but only the –us ending is listed in your vocabulary)

Participles Examples: cibus portatus: “the carried food” “the food having been carried” litterae missae: “the sent letter” “the letter having been sent”

Translating Participles Let’s face it: “having been ----ed” is not a smooth-sounding English translation! Participles are really common in Latin. But in English, we can use a longer phrase to translate the one-word Latin participles. It will sound better!

lego, legere, legi, lectus: read lectus: “having been read” Librum lectum tibi donabo. I will give you the having-been-read book.

lego, legere, legi, lectus: read lectus: “having been read” Librum lectum tibi donabo. I will give you the book once it has been read. l will give you the book after it has been read.

voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus: call vocatus: “having been called” Pueri vocati ad casam ambulaverunt. The boys having been called walked to the house.

voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus: call vocatus: “having been called” Pueri vocati ad casam ambulaverunt. After they were called, the boys walked to the house.

amitto, amittere, amisi, amissus: lose amissus: “having been lost” Milites amissam puellam invenerunt. The soldiers found the girl having been lost.

amitto, amittere, amisi, amissus: lose amissus: “having been lost” Milites amissam puellam invenerunt. The soldiers found the lost girl. The soldiers found the girl who had been lost.

terreo, terrere, terrui, territus: scare territus: “having been scared” Populi territi fugerunt. The people having been scared ran away.

terreo, terrere, terrui, territus: scare territus: “having been scared” Populi territi fugerunt. The scared people ran away. The people ran away because they were scared.

terreo, terrere, terrui, territus: scare territus: “having been scared” Populi territi non fugerunt. The people having been scared did not run away.

terreo, terrere, terrui, territus: scare territus: “having been scared” Populi territi non fugerunt. The people did not run away although they were scared .

Practice! Textbook p. 295 (A) 1-5. Latin AND English. Turn in to the basket. Due at end of the period, daily grade. 1. provisum (provideo) 2. occupata (occupo) 3. moniti (moneo)---modifies the subject “we” 4. amissa (amitto) 5. monitus (moneo)

Periculum provisum nos non terruit.

Romani multa oppida occupata reliquerunt.

Moniti vos de periculo consulere non poteramus.