Nanomechanics with nanotubrs and fullerene-like WS2 (MoS2)

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Nanomechanics with nanotubrs and fullerene-like WS2 (MoS2) R. Tenne Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100 E-mail: reshef.tenne@weizmann.ac.il Cyclamen in Jerusalem mountains Anemone flowers in the north Negev desert Minerva and Krupp Foundations, GIF, BSF, ISF, Bikura, IME (Kamin), IMoST “NanoMaterials, Ltd.”, H. Perlman, Waltcher, Gurwin and Horowitz Foundations, EU (ERC, PoC, “AddNano”, “COINAPO”, “MoWSeS”, “MEDIF-2”), INNI, NEDO&TTRF-Japan Courtesy of Prof. G. Seifert, Dr. A. Enyashin, TU Dresden

R. Dunin-Borkowski, Oxford U Multiwall WS2 nanotubes (type I) Type 1: Spontaneous nucleation and growth Thin nanotubes (20-40 nm) R. Dunin-Borkowski, Oxford U 1996 R. Rosentsveig et al., Chem. Mater. 14, 471 (2002) G. Seifert, Th. Köhller, and R. Tenne, J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 2497 (2002)

Plasma assisted synthesis of 1-to 3-wall WS2 nanotubes electromagnet for mechanical vibration glass window with copper coil vibrating sample holder reactor chamber Argon Vacuum pump Matching-network RF-Generator V. Brüser, R. Popovitz-Biro, A. Albu-Yaron, T. Lorenz, G. Seifert, R. Tenne and A. Zak, Inorganics 2, 177-190 (2014)

Tribological measurements of IF-MoS2 nanoparticles Lubricant Calculated Hertzian Wear Scar (µm) Pin Wear Scar Diameter (µm) Flat Wear Scar PAO oil 92 200 180 2H-MoS2 190 175 IF-WS2 160 130 IF-MoS2 150 100 J. Tannous and F. Dassenoy, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France R. Rosentsveig et al., Tribol. Lett., 36, 175 (2009), and J. Mater. Chem., 19, 4368 (2009)

On the mechanism of lubrication of IF nanoparticles 0.6 GPa 1.0 GPa Rolling friction 1.2 GPa Exfoliation and transfer O. Tevet, P. Von-Huth, R. Popovitz-Biro, R. Rosentsveig, H. D. Wagner and R. Tenne, PNAS 108, 19901 (2011)

Summary of the mechanical properties of IF NP O. Tevet, P. Von-Huth, R. Popovitz-Biro, R. Rosentsveig, H. D. Wagner and R. Tenne, PNAS 108, 19901 (2011)

Bending of multiwall WS2 (MoS2) Nanotubes experiment δ - the nanotube’s deflection F - that applied force L - the nanotube’s length E - the Young's modulus I – the geometrical moment of inertia fs – geometrical constant (10/9) G – the shear (sliding) modulus A – area of cross section Timoshenko Eq. G=2.0±1.1 GPa 3-4.1 GPa (DFTB Theory) E= 160 GPa DFTB calculations for shear (sliding) of two MoS2 walls I. Kaplan-Ashiri, S.R. Cohen, Y. Wang, N. Apter, Y. Wang, G. Seifert, H.D. Wagner, R. Tenne, J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, 8432 (2007)

SEM view of a buckling of an individual WS2 nanotube E=150-160 GPa Kaplan-Ashiri, K. Gartsman, H.D. Wagner, V. Ivanovskya, T. Heine, G. Seifert, and R. Tenne, PNAS, 103, 523 (2006) II. D.-M. Tang, C. Nethravathi, X. Wei, M.-S. Wang, N. Kawamoto, Y. Bando, M. Mitome, A. Zak, R. Tenne and D. Golberg, NanoLett. 13, 1034 (2013)

Stress-strain curve of a WS2 nanotube from SEM tensile stress experiment Before… After… Tensile strength= 16-20 GPa E=160 GPa; 12% elongation E- Young’s modulus Telescopic failure I. Kaplan-Ashiri, K. Gartsman, H.D. Wagner, S.R. Cohen, V. Ivanovskya, T. Heine, G. Seifert, and R. Tenne, PNAS, 103, 523 (2006); M.S. Wang, L.-M. Peng et al., Nano Res. 1, 22 (2008)

Nanomechanics of WS2 nanotubes (type I and II) Type II nanotubes (A. Zak)- ---- curve Type I-nanotubes (R. Rosentsveig)- ------ curve I. Kaplan-Ashiri et al., PNAS 103, 523 (2006) D. Golberg, and co-workers, NanoLett. 13, 1034 (2013)

Electrospun PMMA fibers SEM of the electrospun fibers SEM of the dispersed WS2 nanotubes C.S. Reddy, A. Zak and E. Zusmann, J. Mater. Chem. 21, 16086 (2011)

Reinforcement of epoxy resin by WS2 nanotubes pull-out mechanism bridging mechanism E. Zohar, S. Baruch, M. Shneider, H. Dodiuk, S. Kenig, R. Tenne and H.D. Wagner, J. Adhes. Sci. Tech. 25, 1603 (2011)

Portland-concrete reinforcement by nanotubes R. Nadiv, M. Shtein, M. Rafaeli, A. Peled and O. Nadiv, Construction and Building Materials 98 (2015) 112–118 and submitted

Advanced Mg alloy nanocomposites reinforced by WS2 nanotubes Toughness [MPa] % change AZ31-4 13.1 - AZ31INT1-1 38.1 190 AZ31INT1-2 15.3 17 AZ31INT1-3 48.8 272 AZ31INT1-avg. 34.1 160 S.-J. Huang, C.-H. Ho, Y. Feldman and R. Tenne, submitted

Pull-out of individual WS2 nanotubes from water (liquids) surfaces AFM/ESEM MD-simulation Pull-out O. Goldbart, S.R. Cohen, I. Kaplan-Ashiri, A.N. Enyashin, R. Tenne and H.D. Wagner, to be published