ICP Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems - ICP IM Achievements & Priorities 2017-2019 Lars Lundin and Martin Forsius Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Key results and achievements Future plans; workplan 2017-2019 Scope of ICP IM ICP IM TF 2016 Focus of work 2016/2017 Key results and achievements Future plans; workplan 2017-2019 ICP IM TF 2017 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 2

ICP Integrated Monitoring - Mandate Ecosystem investigation in natural or semi-natural sites Monitor state and changes with causative explanations Develop and validate models Detect changes by biomonitoring Cause-effect approach Cross-media flux approach Lead country – Sweden ICP IM PC at SYKE - Finland

Integrated Monitoring Integrated monitoring of ecosystems means physical, chemical and biological measurements over time of different ecosystem compartments simultaneously at the same location. In practice, monitoring is divided into a number of compartmental subprogrammes which are linked by the use of the same parameters (cross-media flux approach) and/or same or close stations (cause-effect approach). The full implementation of the ICP IM will allow ecological effects of heavy metals, persistent organic substances and tropospheric ozone to be determined. A primary concern is the provision of scientific and statistically reliable data that can be used in modelling and decision making. Catchment approach Budget calculations Process oriented Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Database update – data from 2015 2016-12-01: c. 14 countries c. 40 countries for period 2009 – 2015 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 5

Integrated monitoring sites 17 countries 41active sites Ukraine 1 Norway 2 new Ireland and Switzerland new sites 2016 Poland suggest 9 new sites The ICP IM sites (mostly forested catchments) are located in undisturbed areas, such as natural parks or comparable areas. The ICP IM network presently covers forty-seven sites from seventeen countries. The international Programme Centre is located at the Finnish Environment Institute in Helsinki. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

IM Task Force meeting 24-26 May 2016 Asker Norge 49 participants from 13 countries and Joint meeting with ICP Waters Kind invitation from Ministry of Climate and Environment, Norway Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) Workshop first and second day Excursion to the Askerselva and boat trip on the Oslo fjord Task Force third day Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Ongoing priority work items Biodiversity indicators and issues related to CL and modelling Work on HM baseline, budgets and critical loads Update results on mass balances for sulphur and nitrogen Collaboration between IM, EU projects and LTER Europe Common workplan items related to CLRTAP strategy (e.g. WGE Joint report). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Planned ICP IM work and reports 2016-2017 ICP IM 25th Annual Report 2016 and WGE Joint report Dynamic vegetation modelling at ecosystem monitoring and research sites 2016 and Scientific paper in 2017 Report on assessing long-term trends of S and N effects and scientific paper Progress report on HM concentrations in compartments (2017) Progress report on mercury with ICP Waters Report on connections between calculated CL exceedances and observed impacts of N (2017) In 2017 the 25th ICP IM Task Force meeting joint with ICP Waters ICP IM 26th Annual Report 2017 and WGE Joint report Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 9

Scientific paper on mass balance budgets and indicators for sulphur and nitrogen in catchments 2017 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Dynamic vegetation modelling at ecosystem monitoring and research sites Schematic view of work flows in the application of VSD+ model chain including PROPS plant response functions to study impact of air pollution on habitat suitability. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 11

Dynamic vegetation modelling at ecosystem monitoring and research sites Comparison of modelled to observed values of soil pH at 13 sites. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 12

Cooperation with other ICPs Trends report common for all ICPs Dynamic modelling together with ICP M & M and JEG Potential cause effects report with ICP Forests Joint Assessment report EMEP and WGE 5. Participation in the ICP Waters Hg report 6. Joint TF with ICP Waters in 2016 and 2017 Swedish University of Agricultural Sceinces

Increased possibilities to deliver required science in the future Intense collaboration between ICP:s: Increase the monitoring regions Increase policy oriented assessments EC collaboration projects; New Horizon 2020 ICP IM relates to ALTER-Net II LTER Europe and eLTER project and to apply to ESFRI LIFE Watch http://www.lifewatch.eu/ EnvEurope EU Cost action FP0903 EU projects SoilTrEC, Expeer … ALTERNet A Long-Term Biodiversity, Ecosystem and Awareness Research Network LifeWatch: e-Science and Technology Infrastructure for Biodiversity Research FutMon - a LIFE+ co-financed project for the "Further Development and Implementation of an EU-level Forest Monitoring System". A project for the creation of a pan-European long term forest monitoring system. The project coordination centre is situated at the Institute of World Forestry, Hamburg, Germany. FutDiv Future forest biodiversity monitoring in Europe Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Main features of the EU Horizon 2020 eLTER project Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Concluding remarks from ICP IM With measured N deposition exceeding the empirical critical load (CL) has eutrophication effects on biota Release of sulphur that had accumulated in the past with effects in surface waters No widespread regional increases in nitrate concentrations in surface waters despite ongoing N accumulation in catchments Mercury is increasing in the forest floor and mineral soil with hazardous effects on biological activity and also providing extended possibilities for methylation and releases to surface waters Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 16

Reports for 2017 2017: Report on assessing long-term trends in ecosystem effects of sulphur and nitrogen – scientific paper 2017: Report on mercury in the aquatic environment; Joint Report together with ICP Waters 2017: Scientific paper on dynamic response of vegetation changes in relation to nitrogen deposition 2017: Progress report on heavy metal concentrations in important forest ecosystem compartments Other activities Maintenance and development of central ICP IM database at the Programme Centre Arrangement of the 25th Task Force meeting (2017) Preparation of the 26th ICP IM Annual Report (2017) Participation in meetings of the WGE, other ICPs and the JEG DM Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 17

Reports for 2018-2019 2018 - Scientific paper on dynamic modelling on the impacts of future deposition scenarios on soil and water conditions in ICP IM catchments 2018 - Scientific paper on long-term trends in atmospheric deposition and runoff water chemistry of S and N compounds at ICP IM catchments in relation to changes in emissions and hydrometeorological conditions 2019 - Report on dynamic modelling on the impacts of deposition and climate change scenarios on ground vegetation (ICP IM) 2019 - Scientific paper on the relationship between critical load exceedances and empirical ecosystem impact indicators (ICP IM). Other activities Maintenance and development of central ICP IM database at the Programme Centre Arrangement of the 26th Task Force meeting (2018) Preparation of the 27th ICP IM Annual Report (2018) Participation in meetings of the WGE, other ICPs and the JEG DM Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 18

ICP IM TF 2017 The hosts Water and Forest The venue Nature in May in Uppsala, Sweden with ICP Waters The hosts Thank You for attention! Water and Forest The venue Nature Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

ICP IM TF 2017 again Joint with ICP Waters Uppsala, Sverige 9-11 maj 2017 Thank You for attention!