PASSIVE AND ACTIVE VOICE

Active Form In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active. [Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action] Examples:

Passive Form In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action. [Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action] Examples:

RULES OF PASSIVE VOICE (1). When we emphasize the role of the doer we use Active Voice .But when the doer is unknown or we do not care to name the doer Passive Voice is used. (2). Only transitive verbs can be used in passive voice.Intransitive verb or verbs of incomplete predication like be ,become,seem can not be used in form.

(3). If a sentence contains two subject ,any of the subjects may be used as the subject in passive voice . (i). I gave him a pen. (Active voice) (ii). A pen was given to him by me. (passive voice) (iii).He was given a pen by me. (passive voice)

SIMPLE USES (1). Object converts in to subject and Subject converts in to Object. (2). We use third form of verb instead of first or second. After third form of verb we use BY. (3). In pronoun I change in to ME ,We change in to US , HE changes in to HIM ,SHE in to HER,THEY in to THEM.

FORMULA FOR TENSE CHANGES

PRESENT TENSE FORMULA

PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE: am , is , are + third form of verb PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: is being, are being , am being + third form of verb Present perfect tense: has been , have been + third form of verb

PAST TENSE FORMULA

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE: was being, were being + past participle PAST PERFECT TENSE: has been, have been + past participle

FUTURE TENSE FORMULA

FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE: shall be , will be + third form of verb FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE: Never use as a passive voice FUTURE PERFECT TENSE: shall have been , will have been + third form of verb

TENSE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE NO. 1 Present Indefinite Tense I win a prize. A prize is won by me. 2 Present Continuous Tense I am winning a prize. A prize is being won by me. 3 Present Perfect Tense I have won a prize. A prize has been won by me. 4 Past Indefinite Tense I won a prize. A prize was won by me. 5 Past Continuous Tense I was winning a prize. A prize was being won by me. 6 Past Perfect Tense I had won a prize. A prize had been won by me. 7 Future Indefinite Tense I shall win a prize. A prize will be won by me. 8 Future Perfect Tense I shall have won a prize. A prize shall have been won by me.

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