Warm-Up What is the difference between parallel and relative minors? How many forms of a minor scale are there?

Minor Key and the Diatonic Modes

USED TO BUILD THE MINOR SCALES Terms Pentachord - first 5 notes of a scale Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - Major Do, Re, Me, Fa, Sol (1,2, b3, 4, 5) - Minor Phrygian Tetrachord - H-W-W (low to high) Harmonic tetrachord - H-A2-H USED TO BUILD THE MINOR SCALES

Pentachord Do Re Me Fa Sol 1 2 b3 4 5 W H W W Pentachord

Parallel Keys Parallel Keys - major and minor keys that have the same tonic; key signatures differ. Pentachord - first 5 pitches of a scale (do, re, mi (me), fa, sol OR 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Minor Pentachord - lowered third cosisting of W-H-W-W steps.

Key Concept - page 56 Parallel keys share the same tonic. Parallel-key pentachord share four scale degrees (do, re, fa, and sol OR 1, 2, 4, and 5) Scale-degree 3 of the minor pentachord is a half step lower than the major pentachord (the solfege syllable me instead of mi).

Finding Parallel Minor Keys Add 3 flats or take away 3 sharps. Move COUNTERCLOCKWISE three places around the circle of 5ths.

Assignment Try it #1 - page 56

Warm-Up List the key signatures in the following minor keys: A C F G B

Forms of Minor Natural Minor - minor key signature comes from this scale. Lowered 3, 6, and 7 from the major scale. Minor key signature comes from this scale. Melodic Minor - different on the way up and down Different on the way up and down Up: flat 3 (major 6 and 7) Down: lowered 7, 6, and 3 Harmonic Minor Augmented Second from flat 6 to major 7

Natural Minor Scale Lowered 3, 6, and 7 ascending and descending W-H-W-W-H-W-W

Melodic Minor Scale Different on the way up from the way down

Melodic Minor Scale Examples

Harmonic Minor Scale Lowered 3 and 6 (Major 7th) W-H-W-W-H-A2-H

Harmonic Minor Scale Examples

Major and Minor Scales

DUE THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 2012 Homework Write out the following NATURAL MINOR Scales: C and G Write out the following MELODIC MINOR Scales: D and A Write out the following HARMONIC MINOR Scales: E and B DUE THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

Warm-Up Write the following minor scales: F Natural Minor Bb Melodic Minor F# Harmonic Minor

Relative Keys Relative keys have a different TONIC pitch, but share the same key signature. For example, Bb Major is relative to g minor.

Finding the Relative Minor Key Concept - page 63 To find the relative minor or any major key, identify scale-degree 6 of the major scale: that pitch class is the tonic of the relative minor. Example: Scale degree 6 of A Major is ________, which equals ________ minor. Both have ___________ sharps/flats.

Circle of 5ths

Assignment Try it #3 - page 64 E Major = Four flats = D Major = Eb Major = Five sharps = One flat =

Finding the Relative Major The find the relative major of any key, identify scale-degree 3 of the minor scale: that pitch is the tonic of the relative major. Example: g minor’s 3rd scale degree is?

Assignment Try it #4 - page 66 a minor = g# minor = c minor = d minor = c# minor = f minor =

MINOR RULE (ACTUALLY IT IS A MAJOR RULE) IN MINOR - RAISE THE LEADING TONE!!!!!!!!!! (ESPECIALLY WHEN ASCENDING IN A MINOR SCALE) UNLESS THE SPECIFIC SOUND WANTED IS THE MAJOR SECOND BETWEEN SCALE DEGREES TE AND DO (7 AND 8).

Determining the Key of a Passage/Work Key Concept - page 66 To determine the key of a work: Look at the key signature. Look at the beginning of the melody for motion to and frm the tonic (Do or 1) Look at the end of the melody for motion to the tonic. Look for a repeated accidental to raise scale-degree 7 in minor.

Writing Minor Scales Minor scale forms were not identified when Bach or even Mozart were living. Ways to write a minor scale: Use the major scale and flat the approriate pitches. Use the key signature. Use the pentachord tetrachord structure.

Writing Minor Scales Summary - page 68 Natural Minor = minor pentachord + Phrygian tetrachord (H-W-W) = same key signature as relative major, not additional accidentals Harmonic Minor = minor pentachord + harmonic tetrachord (H-A2-H) = same key signature as relative major, but 7 is raised a half step Melodic Minor Ascending: = minor pentachord + major tetrachord (W-W-H) = same key signature as relative major, but 6 and 7 are raised a half step Descending: = same as natural minor

Modes Modes are neither major or minor scales but have scalar tendencies Modes are created by: altering pitches from the major or minor scale using the key signature from a major scale and starting on a different scale degree

Name of Modes Ionian Dorian Phrygian Lydian Mixolydian Aeolian Locrian

Modes Key Concept - page 71 The diatonic collection from C to C (with no sharps or flats) may be rotated to begin with any pitch. Each rotation is a diatonic mode. C to C: Ionian F to F: Lydian D to D: Dorian G to G: Mixolydian E to E: Phrygian A to A: Aeolian

Modes Examples

Modes Key Concept - page 72 Modes that begin with the major pentachord (or with what sounds like a major pentachord): Ionian (scale is identical to major) Mixolydian (scale has a lowered 7th) Lydian (scale has a raised 4) Modes that begin with the minor pentachord (or with what sounds like the minor pentachord): Aeolian (scale is identical to natural minor) Dorian (scale has a raised 6) Phrygian (scale has a lowered 2)

Another Way to Write Modes Know the major or minor tendency Know the alteration for each mode Write out the major or minor scale Write in the accidentals for each mode

Modes Major Based Modes 1. Ionian (Major Scale) 2. Lydian (raised 4th) 3. Mixolydian (lowered 7th) Minor Based Modes 1. Dorian (raised 6th) 2. Phrygian (lowered 2nd) 3. Aeolian (Minor Scale)

Mode Tendencies and Alterations Major Ionian (Major Scale) Lydian (#4) Mixolydian (b7) Minor Dorian (#6) Phrygian (b2) Aeolian (Natural Minor Scale) Which mode is missing? Locrian (minor with b2 and b5)

Another Way to Write Modes - Example C Phrygian Mode Write the C NATURAL minor scale first What makes it Phrygian? The lowered 2nd. Lower the second scale degree by one half step.

Try it #6 Spell each of the following modes. Mode Spelling E Dorian ___________________ Bb Lydian ___________________ B Aeolian ___________________ A Mixolydian ___________________ F# Phrygian ___________________ Eb Ionian ___________________

Locrian Mode Scale degree 7 to 7 Minor tendency lowered 2 and 5

Minor Pentatonic Minor Pentatonic uses scale degrees 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 of the natural minor scale. Considered minor because: -m3 between the first two pitches -m7 from the tonic

Whole Tone Scale A Whole Tone Scale is constructed with 6 pitches (7 include the repeated octave). There is a whole step (2 half steps) between each pitch. (Hence the name Whole Tone) The interval pattern is – W, W, W, W, W, W

Whole Tone Scales: Examples in Music opening theme to Rimsky-Korsakov's Scheherazade Debussy's Voiles, Preludes, Book I, no. 2, mm.1-4