Area of Study 2.1 – Ethical Method In A Pluralist Society Ethics and Morality Area of Study 2.1 – Ethical Method In A Pluralist Society

Today’s Learning Exam review and check

Ethics v Morality

Ethics and morals both relate to “right” and “wrong” conduct. Ethics refer to the series of rules or decision making processes that are provided to an individual, group or society by an external source, e.g. their profession or religion. Morals refer to a group, individual’s or societies principles regarding right and wrong.

Ethics: Examination of the process of decision making about what is good/bad, right/wrong and the exploration of why people/groups make the decisions they do. Morality: An accepted set of standards or beliefs or values that establish what should or ought to be the behaviour of individuals, groups or societies. May or may not be the result of ethical reflection or examination.

Before We Begin What do these terms mean? Pluralist – Ethics – a society in which there are many religions, ideas or approaches, no sigle view is dominant. Ethics – Study of the decisions involving laws, values, morality, norms and ideas. Morality – An accepted set of beliefs, values and standards that establish what should or ought to be the behaviour of individuals, groups and societies.

Norm (Normative) – Ethical Principles – Conscience – Something that is the set or accepted standard of behaviour. Ethical Principles – What rules, values, goals and approved ways of behaving are organised around. Conscience – The capacity to know, consider and evaluate right and wrong, good and bad, and worthy and unworthy human behaviour.

Values - Ideas about what is important in life, which attach worth to particular feelings, concepts and objects that have the power to shape behaviour. Natural Law – a system of moral principles thought to be common to all human beings as a basis of conduct, related to human instincts or behaviour.

Values Auction Each of you has $1,000 into spend. You can bid any amount up to $1,000 for an item. You must bid in quantities of 100 or more. If you make the highest bid for an item, you pay for it. Once your money is gone, you cannot bid on additional items, even those you really want. When an item is sold, please write the amount of the winning bid in the first column on your handout. Write the greatest amount you would have been willing to bid for that item in the second column.

Review Judging from the bidding, which items were most valuable? Which were least valuable? Why? Do you think an item was most valuable if lots of people bid on it or if it went for the most money or both? Why? Are you satisfied with what you bid on? Do you feel that your bidding accurately reflects what you most value in life? Were there any items that no one seemed interested in buying? If so, why do think no one was interested in it (them)? How would your parents have bid in this auction? Why?

History of Human Rights Hyperlinked

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

UDHR - Investigation Poster Helpful websites Human Rights Watch - http://www.hrw.org Youth for Human Rights - http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/voices-for-human- rights/human-rights-abuses.html Amnesty International - http://www.amnesty.org.au Catholic Church (Human Rights) - http://www.catholicaustralia.com.au/page.php?pg=mission- humanrights Catechism (Human Rights) - http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s 1c2a3.htm

Today’s Learning Morals and Ethics Review Religion and Ethics Ethics Comparison

Reading Ethical Thinking Read pages 159-161

What Is Ethics? Ethics and morals both relate to “right” and “wrong” conduct. Ethics refer to the series of rules or decision making processes that are provided to an individual, group or society by an external source, e.g. their profession or religion. Morals refer to a group, individual’s or societies principles regarding right and wrong.

Why Ethics? Decisions and morals are subjective. Increased social cohesion. Better outcomes for all in all situations. Requires study and debate

Religion and Ethics Each religious tradition maintains a set of written ethical principles or codes of behaviour based on the Traditions core beliefs. These ethics are provided the believer advice on what ought to be done and set out a list of values, qualities or laws that would bring about the ideal society.

Christian Ethics Found within the Catechism and are an expansion of the teachings of Jesus. Examples: Beatitudes Golden Rule Thinking clip

Ethics Comparison

Homework Read 189-191 Answer questions: 1-5 on page 191- 192

Today’s Learning - review Morals and Ethics Review Religion and Ethics Ethics Comparison

Today’s Learning Continued from Tuesday Morality and Laws

Reading Morality and Laws Read pages 172-175

Summary of reading

Classwork/Homework Family and Ethics Read 181-182 Answer Q’s 1-4 on page 182. Wicked Campervans Research Wicked Campervans (controversy) and discuss [give your opinion} based on your morality.

Today’s Learning - review Continued from Tuesday Morality and Laws

Today’s Learning Who has Ethical Authority? Contemporary examples

Heroes v Anti Heroes

Ethical Authority Read 179-181 Copy table 4.2 into your workbook and describe anything you agree or disagree with. Use question 1 as a guide if helpful. Answer Q 2

Activity Activity 4.14 p 187 Working with a partner. Research and summarise two of the ethical theories listed and then apply them to a contemporary issue

Today’s Learning - review Who has Ethical Authority? Contemporary examples

Today’s Learning Great Ethical Thinkers Discussion Ethical issue or not? Ethics of Driving

Great Ethical Thinkers Discussion

Is It An Ethical Issue?

Ethical Issue ID At least two different opinions about the issue, leading to at least two potentially different courses of action. Opinions and judgments about the issue are debated in terms of good and bad, right and wrong, worthy and un-worthy human behaviour.

Ethical Issue ID Consider which items in the following list are clear ethical issues. Write the issue in the form of a proposition, which could be debated in terms of good and bad, right and wrong, worthy and un-worthy human behaviour.

Ethical Issue ID Wearing revealing clothes Raising poultry in battery cages Body piercing Legalisation of marijuana Government limits being placed in poker-machine gambling Sexting Speed cameras Giving to a beggar Forwarding emails, Twitter, Facebook conversations

Ethical Decision Making Model Identify the issue. Determine the position/view point of each of the stakeholders involved. Does this influence their decision. What are the possible outcomes/decisions. What impact will each of the outcomes lead to. Seek further opinion (Ethical Authorities – the more the better). Determine a course of action – what is best (dependent on ethical model) Resources - Pg 199 (blue text)

Ethics of Driving https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CqSDWoAhvLU

Autonomous Vehicles Autonomous reco’ and weapons delivery vehicle Jet Fighter

Today’s Learning - Review Great Ethical Thinkers Discussion Ethical issue or not? Ethics of Driving

Today’s Learning Applying ethical methodology to an issue Medicinal Cannabis Oil

Medicinal Cannabis

The Issue Article 1 - Medical marijuana: Jai's story Article 2 - Cannabis oil: Raided for helping their son Article 3 - Man supplying cannabis to seriously ill toddler has house raided after writing to Chief Minister

Questions – Cannabis Oil Is this and ethical issue? Who are the stakeholders? Who has an opinion to offer? What are the possible outcomes for each opinion? Does the use of medicinal cannabis oil differ from societial norms? Describe your viewpoint/decision about the use of medicinal cannabis oil for children. Where do many organis compounds used in medication come from? Is the issue complicated by illegal use of cannabis and how could this confuse the issue of medicinal cannabis oil?

Today’s Learning - Review Applying ethical methodology to an issue Medicinal Cannabis Oil

Today’s Learning Applying ethical methodology to an issue Warfare

The Issue

The Issue The Ethics of War starts by assuming that war is a bad thing, and should be avoided if possible, but it recognises that there can be situations when war may be the lesser evil of several bad choices. War is a bad thing because it involves deliberately killing or injuring people, and this is a fundamental wrong - an abuse of the victims' human rights.

The Issue The purpose of war ethics is to help decide what is right or wrong, both for individuals and countries, and to contribute to debates on public policy, and ultimately to government and individual action. War ethics also leads to the creation of formal codes of war (e.g. the Hague and Geneva conventions), the drafting and implementation of rules of engagement for soldiers, and in the punishment of soldiers and others for war crimes.

Questions BBC Ethics Guide Respond to the following questions after reading ALL sections of the website and after completing the grid. Explain if you believe that it’s ever right to go to war? When is it right to wage war? What is the moral way to conduct a war? http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/war/

Today’s Learning - review Applying ethical methodology to an issue Warfare