Homework R-3 due Friday. Current Events article due Tuesday.

Aim #4: How did the Roman Republic expand its power throughout Italy and the Mediterranean (500s-200s B.C.)?

I. Rome built a mighty and well-trained military Consisted of citizen soldiers who fought without pay and supplied their own weapons. All males were required to serve in the army (& no one could hold public office until he had served 10 years as a soldier). What do you think was the purpose of this rule?

I. Rome built a mighty and well-trained military B. The basic military unit was the legion i. Each legion was made up of roughly 5,000 heavily armed foot soldiers = infantry ii. Each legion was often assisted by soldiers on horseback = cavalry iii. Each legion was broken down into smaller groups called centuries.

I. Rome built a mighty and well-trained military C. The Roman legion proved superior to the Greek phalanx because it provided for more flexibility/mobility i. Each century could move independently ii. Under a skilled general, a Roman legion could surround and outflank its enemies

II. Treatment over conquered lands As the Roman army expands across the Italian Peninsula, how should we treat conquered peoples: 1. Should we force them to pay taxes and tribute to us? 2. Should be let them be soldiers in the Roman army? 3. Should we let them keep their traditional culture (religion, language, form of government) or force them to accept ours? 4. Should we give them the opportunity to become citizens? If so, what do they have to do?

II. Treatment over conquered lands Rome generally treated its defeated enemies with respect, mercy, & tolerance. Conquered peoples acknowledged Roman rule by: i. Paying taxes & tribute ii. Supplying soldiers for the Roman army C. In return, Rome let them keep their religions, customs, languages and local governments D. Often, Rome allowed full or partial citizenship to their conquered peoples.

II. Treatment over conquered lands E. Results of Roman treatment: 1. Encouraged loyalty to the Roman government → stability 2. Because people feel a sense of loyalty to Rome, they start embracing Roman ideas and values. 3. Conquered peoples start assimilating into Roman society

III. Rome provided security/protection and unity They built a network of roads (Appian Way) Posted soldiers all throughout the provinces Latin language and customs were adopted by others

Concluding Question Which of the following was most important in making Rome’s Italian empire a success: Organization of the military Treatment of conquered peoples System of roads Other